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	*{{GLS-Nauvoo Polygamy-FARMS}}		*{{GLS-Nauvoo Polygamy-FARMS}}
	{{CriticalWorks:Smith:Nauvoo_Polygamy:See_also:Buell}}		{{CriticalWorks:Smith:Nauvoo_Polygamy:See_also:Buell}}
−	AAAAA
−	====81====
−	{{IndexClaimItemShort
−	|title=Nauvoo Polygamy
−	|claim={{AuthorQuote|"Occasionally, as King David did with Uriah the Hittite, Smith sent the husband [of potential polyandrous marriage partners] away on a mission which provided the privacy needed for a plural relationship to flower."}}
−	}}
−	*Unmentioned—but perhaps not unimplied—is the fact that David had already committed adultery with Bathsheba, and sought to have her husband killed so he could marry her (see 2 Samuel 11). This metaphor imputes motives to Joseph where no textual evidence exists.
−	*[[../../Mind reading]]
−	*{{GLS-Nauvoo Polygamy-FARMS}}
−	|authorsources=
−	*No source provided.
−	}}
−
−	====81====
−	{{IndexClaimItemShort
−	|title=Nauvoo Polygamy
−	|claim="This [see above] applied to Zina…."
−	}}
−	*Henry Jacobs was present at the sealing to Zina.  Henry knew of Joseph's plural proposal to Joseph before their marriage.
−	*{{InternalContradiction|compare p. 75}}
−	*[[Joseph Smith/Polygamy/Zina and Henry Jacobs|Zina and Henry Jacobs]]
−	*{{Wyatt-Zina}}
−	|authorsources=
−	*No source provided.
−	}}
−
−	====82====
−	{{IndexClaimItemShort
−	|title=Nauvoo Polygamy
−	|claim=The author notes that the History of the Church "makes no mention of the second Huntington nuptial…."
−	}}
−	*[[Church history/Censorship and revision]]
−	*[[../../Censorship]]
−	*{{GLS-Nauvoo Polygamy-FARMS}}
−	|authorsources=
−	*No source provided.
−	{{CriticalWorks:Smith:Nauvoo_Polygamy:See_also:Censorship}}
−	}}
−	====82====
−	{{IndexClaimItemShort
−	|title=Nauvoo Polygamy
−	|claim=The author notes a Buell child being sealed to a proxy for Joseph with “wording [that] hints that it might have been Smith’s child….It is not clear…which of her children it might have been."
−	}}
−	*There is no good evidence that this child was Joseph's.
−	*[[Joseph_Smith/Polygamy/Children_of_polygamous_marriages/Presendia Buell|Children by Presendia Buell?]]
−	*{{GLS-Nauvoo Polygamy-FARMS}}
−	|authorsources=
−	*Oliver Huntington Journal, Nov 14, 1884, USHS; see Compton, ''In Sacred Loneliness'', 140, 673.
−	}}
−
−	====84====
−	{{IndexClaimItemShort
−	|title=Nauvoo Polygamy
−	|claim=The author notes: "From the inception of plural marriage, Smith demanded confidentiality from those whom he taught the principle."
−	}}
−	*[[Lying_for_the_Lord%3F]]
−	*[[Joseph Smith/Polygamy#Hiding the Truth?|Joseph Smith and polygamy—Hiding the truth?]]
−	|authorsources=
−	*''History of the Church'' 4:479; Woodruff Journals 2:143.
−	{{CriticalWorks:Smith:Nauvoo_Polygamy:See_also:Lying}}
−	}}
−
−	====85====
−	{{IndexClaimItemShort
−	|title=Nauvoo Polygamy
−	|claim=The author assumes that Joseph "evidently adapted and redefined [elements] from the Masonic rituals and incorporated [them] as part of the unfolding Mormon temple ceremonies."
−	}}
−	*[[Temples/Endowment/Freemasonry]]
−	|authorsources=
−	*No source given.
−	}}
−	====85====
−	{{IndexClaimItemShort
−	|title=Nauvoo Polygamy
−	|claim={{AuthorQuote|"The [temple] vows of secrecy and threats of blood penalties intensified the mysterious rites of celestial marriage…."}}
−	}}
−	*There are no "blood penalties" associated with plural marriage.
−	*Note the prejudicial language, in which the author tries to make the endowment seem foreign, strange and alienating.
−	*[[Temples/Endowment/Penalties]]
−	*[[../../Loaded and prejudicial language]]
−	|authorsources=
−	*Author's opinion.
−	{{CriticalWorks:Smith:Nauvoo Polygamy:See also:Temple}}
−	}}
−
−	====88====
−	{{IndexClaimItemShort
−	|title=Nauvoo Polygamy
−	|claim=The author notes that there is no mention of Joseph's sealing to Agnes Smith in the History of the Church.
−	}}
−	*[[Church history/Censorship and revision]]
−	*[[../../Censorship]]
−	*{{GLS-Nauvoo Polygamy-FARMS}}
−	|authorsources=
−	*No source provided.
−	{{CriticalWorks:Smith:Nauvoo_Polygamy:See_also:Censorship}}
−	}}
−	====92====
−	{{IndexClaim
−	|claim=
−	*Sarah Pratt is claimed to have reported in 1886 that Lucinda had told her nearly forty-five years earlier in 1842: "Why[,] I am his [Smith's] mistress since four years."
−	|response=
−	*Compton notes that this statement is "antagonistic, third-hand, and late" (''In Sacred Loneliness'', 650).  It seems implausible that Harris would admit to being a "mistress."
−	*Newel and Avery, ''Mormon Enigma'', 346 have likewise seen the "mistress" label as "an embellishment by either Sarah Pratt or W. Wyl."
−	*The author provides none of this perspective.
−	*[[../../Loaded and prejudicial language]]
−	|authorsources=
−	*Wyl, ''Mormon Portraits'', 60.
−	{{CriticalWorks:Smith:Nauvoo_Polygamy:See_also:Lucinda Harris}}
−	}}
−
−	====99 - "the History of the Church made no mention of Sylvia [Sessions Lyon] on February 8, 1842"====
−	{{IndexClaimItemShort
−	|title=Nauvoo Polygamy
−	|claim=
−	The author notes that "[a]s usual, the History of the Church made no mention of Sylvia [Sessions Lyon] on February 8, 1842…."
−	|authorsources=
−	No source provided.
−	{{CriticalWorks:Smith:Nauvoo_Polygamy:See_also:Censorship}}
−	}}
−	*[[Church history/Censorship and revision]]
−	*[[../../Censorship]]
−	*{{GLS-Nauvoo Polygamy-FARMS}}
−	{{:Question: What did the husband of Sylvia Sessions know about her sealing to Joseph Smith for eternity?}}
−
−	====100====
−	{{IndexClaimItemShort
−	|title=Nauvoo Polygamy
−	|claim=The author claims that "[d]uring these years as Windsor's wife, Sylvia reportedly bore Smith a child in 1844…."
−	}}
−	*The author ignores Brian C. Hales, “The Joseph Smith–Sylvia Sessions Plural Sealing: Polyandry or Polygyny?” ''Mormon Historical Studies'' 9/1 (Spring 2008): 41–57, which argues that Sylvia considered herself divorced prior to marrying Joseph polygamously, contrary to evidence misread by Compton.
−	*[[Joseph_Smith/Polygamy/Children_of_polygamous_marriages]]
−	|authorsources=
−	*{{CriticalWork:Compton:Sacred Loneliness|pages=180–81}}
−	}}
−
−	====103====
−	{{IndexClaimItemShort
−	|title=Nauvoo Polygamy
−	|claim={{AuthorQuote|"Typically, [Joseph] never mentioned his marriage to Patty [Sessions] on paper…."}}
−	}}
−	*[[Church history/Censorship and revision]]
−	*[[../../Censorship]]
−	*{{GLS-Nauvoo Polygamy-FARMS}}
−	|authorsources=
−	*No source provided.
−	{{CriticalWorks:Smith:Nauvoo_Polygamy:See_also:Censorship}}
−	}}
−	====105====
−	{{IndexClaimItemShort
−	|title=Nauvoo Polygamy
−	|claim=It is claimed that Sarah Cleveland's husband "was a Swedenborgian, embracing a world view compatible with that of Mormons."
−	}}
−	*These needs more argument than the author gives it.  It is not clear how being a Swedenborgian would predispose Cleveland to accept a modern prophet, new scripture, and restored priesthood authority (for example).
−	*Surely any world-view was somewhat compatible with the Mormons', but what about Cleveland's views were more compatible than, say, other Christians?
−	*[[Plan of salvation/Three degrees of glory/Swedenborg]]
−	|authorsources=
−	*Biography of Sarah Maryetta Kingsley, LDS Archives.
−	}}
−
−	====106====
−	{{IndexClaimItemShort
−	|title=Nauvoo Polygamy
−	|claim={{AuthorQuote|"John Cleveland's Swedenborgian faith might have helped prepare Sarah for some of Joseph's teachings.  Like Smith, followers of Emanuel Swedenborg conceived of a pre-existent life, 'eternal marriage' for couples who had a true 'affinity' for each other, and a three-tiered heaven that required marriage for admission to the highest level."}}
−	}}
−	*Three degrees in heaven is a Biblical notion, it did not originate with Swedenborg or Joseph Smith.
−	*It is not clear what Swedenborg's "affinity" between spouses has to do with LDS plural marriage.
−	*[[Plan of salvation/Three degrees of glory/Swedenborg]]
−	|authorsources=
−	*Author's speculation.
−	*Emanuel Swedenborg, ''Heaven and Hell'', trans. George F. Dole (West Chester, Pa.: Swedenborg Foundation, 2002), 18–32.
−	*CHECK THIS SOURCE!{{nw}}
−	}}
−
−	====106====
−	{{IndexClaimItemShort
−	|title=Nauvoo Polygamy
−	|claim=The author notes that John Cleveland's continued willingness to host LDS events "indicated a likely compatibility of beliefs."
−	}}
−	*There are other options:
−	**Perhaps Cleveland was simply a tolerant man?
−	**Perhaps he respected the Mormons for what he had seen of them personally?
−	**Perhaps he respected his wife's desire to practice her own faith, despite not sharing it.
−	|authorsources=
−	* No source provided.
−	}}
−
−	====106====
−	{{IndexClaimItemShort
−	|title=Nauvoo Polygamy
−	|claim={{AuthorQuote|"Like some of the other husbands of women who agreed to marry the prophet, John Cleveland nevertheless became 'more and more bitter towards the Mormons.'"}}
−	}}
−	*The author does not tell the reader that this difficulty did not occur until after Joseph's death, and the Saints had gone west.  He neglects to point out that Compton noted that even six months before Joseph's death, Sarah's husband was "very friendly and frequently visited the Prophet." (Compton, ''In Sacred Loneliness'', 281).
−	*Thus, the implication that Joseph's plural marriage caused problems for Cleveland is not sustained by the evidence.
−	*The author also does not tell us that one version of Sarah's decision to remain behind instead of going to Utah reads:
−	:"Brigham Young and council…counciled her to stay with her Husband as he was a good man, having shown himself kind ever helping those in need, although for some reason his mind was darkened as to the Gospel. She obey[ed] the council and stayed with her Husband, and was faithfull and true to her religion and died a faithfull member of the Church…." (Compton, ''In Sacred Loneliness'', 283).
−	*[[Polygamy book/Polyandry#Sarah_Kingsley_Howe_Cleveland|Sarah Cleveland]]
−	|authorsources=
−	*Sarah Cleveland to August Lyman, 1847, John Lyman Smith Collection, L. Tom Perry Special Collections, cited by Compton, ''In Sacred Loneliness'', 284.
−	}}
−
−	====106====
−	{{IndexClaimItemShort
−	|title=Nauvoo Polygamy
−	|claim=Besides Cleveland (see above) other polyandrous husbands are claimed to have become more bitter against the Church.
−	}}
−	*As shown above, Cleveland was not bitter about the Church or Joseph during Joseph's lifetime.
−	*No other examples are given.  It is not clear to whom the author is referring.
−	*[[Polygamy book/Polyandry]]
−	|authorsources=
−	* No source provided.
−	}}
−
−	====108====
−	{{IndexClaimItemShort
−	|title=Nauvoo Polygamy
−	|claim=It is claimed that "Sarah Pratt told…Wyl…'There was an old Woman called Durfee…to keep her quiet, he admitted her to the secret blessings of celestial bliss—she boasted here in Salt Lake of having been one of Joseph Smith's wives."
−	}}
−	* The author here follows Compton in misreading the Wyl data. Richard Anderson and Scott Faulring argue that
−	::''In Sacred Loneliness'' misleads the reader by claiming that “Sarah Pratt mentions that she heard a Mrs. Durfee in Salt Lake City profess to have been one of Smith’s wives.”  But this changes the actual report of Sarah’s comments on Mrs. Durfee: “I don’t think she was ever sealed to him, though it may have been the case after Joseph’s death. . . . At all events, she boasted here in Salt Lake of having been one of Joseph’s wives.”<ref>{{FR-10-2-6}}<!--Anderson and Faulring--></ref>
−	*If anything these data argue that Durfee was aware of and involved in promoting and teaching plural marriage but was not necessarily sealed to Joseph in life.
−	*[[../../Use of sources]] {{nw}}
−	*{{GLS-Nauvoo Polygamy-FARMS}}
−	|authorsources=
−	*Wyl, ''Mormon Portraits'', 54.
−	}}
−
−	====110-111====
−	{{IndexClaim
−	|claim=
−	{{AuthorQuote|"When Napoleon invaded Egypt in 1798 and exposed the world to then-indecipherable ancient writings, Europe and the United States became fascinated with Egyptian artifacts.  Egyptian hieroglyphics, like the origin of Native American tribes, were mysteries of the times, sometimes regarded as clues to Indian Origins."}}
−	*{{AuthorQuote|"Joseph Smith had grown up…during the time when public interest in the enigmatic Egyptians was burgeoning.  The Manchester, New York, rental library, within five miles of the Smith family farm, had acquired a volume on Napoleon."}}
−	|response=
−	*A string of speculations on the part of the author.
−	*[[../../Napoleon's Egyptian discoveries]]
−	*{{AuthorPublisherResponse}} The publisher notes that the author was not attempting to imply that Joseph plagiarized Napoleon, but rather that both of them wrote "amorous letters" and "shared a profound fascination with Egypt." {{link|url=http://www.signaturebooks.com/pluralmarriage.htm?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1234200952&sr=1-1}}
−	|authorsources=
−	{{CriticalWorks:Smith:Nauvoo_Polygamy:See_also:Egypt}}
−	{{CriticalWorks:Smith:Nauvoo Polygamy:See also:Environmentalism}}
−	}}
−
−	====111====
−	{{IndexClaimItemShort
−	|title=Nauvoo Polygamy
−	|claim=The author then continues: "This is not to suggest that Smith necessarily visited the library…."
−	}}
−	*So why mention it if not to give that impression?  If he did not, then it is irrelevant to Joseph Smith's thought or career.
−	|authorsources=
−	*Joseph Smith and the Manchester (New York) Library," ''BYU Studies'' 22 (Summer 1982): 333-56.
−	}}
−
−	====111====
−	{{IndexClaimItemShort
−	|title=Nauvoo Polygamy
−	|claim=The author then speculates: "…but from the age of ten…to about age twenty-two (December 1827) when he began dictating the Book of Mormon, published accounts of Napoleon and his foray into Egypt would have been available in books, periodicals, and possibly tracts."
−	}}
−	*The author offers us only speculation, with no evidence that Joseph paid any attention to such matters.
−	*This is the [[Logical_fallacies#Appeal_to_probability|fallacy of probability]].
−	*[[../../Napoleon's Egyptian discoveries]]
−	|authorsources=
−	*No source provided.
−	{{CriticalWorks:Smith:Nauvoo_Polygamy:See_also:Fallacy of probability}}
−	}}
−
−	====110 – 111 n. 150====
−	{{IndexClaimItemShort
−	|title=Nauvoo Polygamy
−	|claim=Regarding the Chandler papyri, the author claims that Joseph "translated some of the hieroglyphics by means of his white seer stone to produce 'an alphabet…[and] grammar of the Egyptian language' through July 1835."
−	}}
−	*The author here acts as if a highly debated matter is settled.  It is not at all clear that Joseph's seer stone was used "to produce" the alphabet and grammar. Rather, the alphabet and grammar may have been an attempt by some (possibly including Joseph) to 'reverse-engineer' a translation of Egyptian from the divine translation given of the Book of Abraham.
−	*{{Detail|Book of Abraham/Joseph Smith Papyri/Kirtland Egyptian Papers|l1=Kirtland_Egyptian_Papers}}
−	|authorsources=
−	*History of the Church 2:235-36, 238.
−	}}
−
−	====112====
−	{{IndexClaimItemShort
−	|title=Nauvoo Polygamy
−	|claim=The author claims that "a scholar" in 1823 "rightly concluded that these American [Indian] symbols 'appear to have had little or nothing in common with those of the Egyptians.'"
−	}}
−	*This is of no relevance to Joseph Smith unless we are to assume that Joseph taught that American writing could be used to illuminate ancient Egyptian. The Book of Mormon explicitly rejects any such idea, saying that "we have written this record according to our knowledge, in the characters which are called among us the reformed Egyptian, being handed down and ''altered by us'', according to our manner of speech…. ''none other people knoweth our language''; and because that none other people knoweth our language, therefore he hath prepared means for the interpretation thereof" ({{s||Mormon|9|31,34}}).
−	*The author should also consider consulting scholarship more recent than 1823 if he wishes to know whether there are any links between Old World and New World languages.
−	*{{Detail|Book of Mormon/Anachronisms/Language/Hebrew and Native American languages}}
−	|authorsources=
−	*Thomas Young, ''An Account of Some Recent Discoveries in Hieroglyphic Literature and Egyptian Antiquities'' (London: John Murray, 1823).
−	}}
−
−	====112====
−	{{IndexClaimItemShort
−	|title=Nauvoo Polygamy
−	|claim={{AuthorQuote|"As we consider Joseph Smith's new religious texts in early 1842, we should review what was known of the language of ancient Egyptian, not only in 1823 when Smith began to anticipate the Book of Mormon's 'reformed Egyptian records,' but later in the 1830s and 1840s when he prepared his second Egyptian scripture, the Book of Abraham."}}
−	}}
−	*The author is again presuming that studies of ancient Egyptian would have had any relevance for the Book of Mormon records&mdash;yet the Book of Mormon explicitly says they would not.
−	*[[../../Assumptions and presumptions]]
−	|authorsources=
−	* No source provided.
−	}}
−
−	====112====
−	{{IndexClaim
−	|claim=
−	The author assumes that Joseph Smith made an association of Native American pictographs with 'reformed Egyptian.'
−	|response=
−	*What evidence is there of this?
−	|authorsources=
−	*No source provided.
−	}}
−	====112====
−	{{IndexClaimItemShort
−	|title=Nauvoo Polygamy
−	|claim=The author speculates that "Smith's association of these unrelated cultures [Egypt and the New World] simply reflected the prevailing misperceptions of the pre- to mid-nineteenth century."
−	}}
−	*Joseph's scriptural texts associated only a small group from the Old World with the New.  His 1842 scriptures had nothing at all to do with the New World.
−	*That Joseph's own personal opinions may have reflected his time is irrelevant, unless we presume at the outset (as the author does) that the Book of Mormon was a fabrication by Joseph.  If it was not, then his personal views are irrelevant.
−	*[[../../Assumptions and presumptions]]
−	|authorsources=
−	*No source provided.
−	{{CriticalWorks:Smith:Nauvoo Polygamy:See also:Environmentalism}}
−	}}
−
−	====113====
−	{{IndexClaimItemShort
−	|title=Nauvoo Polygamy
−	|claim={{AuthorQuote|"The first ancient scripture Smith presented since the Book of Mormon was the Book of Abraham."}}
−	}}
−	{{disinformation| Joseph had also produced a Book of Moses and a Book of Enoch (begun June 1830) as part of his revision of the King James Bible.  These materials, however, did not rely on a modification of any extant Bible text.}}
−	*See: [http://farms.byu.edu/publications/transcripts/?id=75 here], [http://farms.byu.edu/publications/transcripts/?id=71 here], and [http://farms.byu.edu/publications/books.php?bookid=53 here.]
−	|authorsources=
−	* No source provided.
−	*{{misinformation|
−	}}
−
−	====113 n. 157====
−	{{IndexClaimItemShort
−	|title=Nauvoo Polygamy
−	|claim=The Joseph Smith Translation of the Bible is claimed to have "altered over 3,400 verses but left the deities singular and in a Trinitarian format."
−	}}
−	*Since the original Bible has no Nicene Trinitarian format, it would be difficult to Joseph to leave it there.
−	*If The author does not mean a Nicene Trinity, then it would be strange for Joseph to alter it, since the Book of Mormon and Book of Abraham all teach a non-Nicene trinitarianism.
−	**[[Godhead and the Trinity]]
−	**The Book of Moses ({{s||Moses|1|3,6,13,24,32-33}}, {{s||Moses|2|1}}, {{s||Moses|4|2-3,28}}) also described the distinction between Father and Son in non-Nicene terms, as did the Enoch material ({{s||Moses|5|57}}, {{s||Moses|6|51-52,57,59,66}}, {{s||Moses|7|27,39}}), long pre-dating the Book of Abraham (Summer-Winter 1830).
−	*Joseph was also teaching a non-Nicene Trinitarianism long before 1842:
−	**[[1830 statement about seeing "God"]]
−	**[[Only one Personage appears in the 1832 account]]
−	**[[Lack of contemporary Father and Son vision until 1838?]]
−	*The author wants to display an evolution in Joseph's views, but he has not done the necessary legwork.  He merely presumes, rather than demonstrates.
−	*[[../../Assumptions and presumptions]]
−	|authorsources=
−	*Quinn, ''Mormon Hierarchy: Origins'', 620.
−	}}
−
−	====114====
−	{{IndexClaim
−	|claim=
−	The author presumes that Joseph "coalesced astronomy, biblical mystery, ancient Egyptian writing, and Masonic ritual into portentous ceremony for his followers."
−	|response=
−	*The author presumes that all these were sources for the temple endowment, and that Joseph combined them.
−	*[[../../Loaded and prejudicial language]]
−	*[[../../Mind reading]]
−	*[[../../Napoleon's Egyptian discoveries]]
−	|authorsources=
−	*No source provided.
−	{{CriticalWorks:Smith:Nauvoo Polygamy:See also:Temple}}
−	{{CriticalWorks:Smith:Nauvoo Polygamy:See also:Environmentalism}}
−	{{CriticalWorks:Smith:Nauvoo_Polygamy:See_also:Egypt}}
−	}}
−
−	====114====
−	{{IndexClaimItemShort
−	|title=Nauvoo Polygamy
−	|claim=The author claims that "[t]he spring of 1842 was also the time when John C. Bennett began to separate himself from Smith…."
−	}}
−	*Bennett did not separate himself, Joseph forced Bennett out because of his crimes.
−	*[[Polygamy book/John C. Bennett|John C. Bennett]]
−	|authorsources=
−	*No source provided.
−	*{{misinformation|
−	{{CriticalWorks:Smith:Nauvoo_Polygamy:See_also:John_C._Bennett}}
−	}}
−
−	====116====
−	{{IndexClaim
−	|claim=
−	Marinda Johnson "met Joseph while he was retranslating the Bible with Sidney Rigdon in her parents' home in 1831."
−	|response=
−	*The author again does not tell us that Marinda testified against the version of Joseph's mobbing which he pushes on p. 44.
−	*{{GLS-Nauvoo Polygamy-FARMS}}
−	|authorsources=
−	*No source provided.
−	{{CriticalWorks:Smith:Nauvoo_Polygamy:See_also:Womanizing and romance}}
−	}}
−
−	====117-118====
−	{{IndexClaimItemShort
−	|title=Nauvoo Polygamy
−	|claim=Orson Hyde "was reportedly 'furious'" with Joseph's plural marriage doctrine.
−	}}
−	*Cites Ann Eliza Young, but fails to tell the reader there are three other versions, each of which is different and hostile.
−	*Ann Eliza’s report of anger is also suspect. Later in the same work cited by the author, she describes Hyde “in a furious passion” because “he thought it no harm for him to win the affection of another man’s wife, . . . but he did not propose having his rights interfered with even by the holy Prophet whose teachings he so implicitly followed."  Yet Orson did not begin practicing plural marriage until after he knew of Marinda’s sealing to Joseph.
−	*Despite the hostile reports of Orson Hyde’s anger, there are no contemporary accounts of problems between Orson and Joseph, who repeatedly dined with the Hydes following Orson’s return from Palestine.
−	*While it is possible that his initial reaction was heated, this perspective derives entirely from authors writing scandalous exposés of the Mormons long after the fact.
−	*{{GLS-Nauvoo Polygamy-FARMS}}
−	|authorsources=
−	*Ann Eliza Young, ''Wife Number Nineteen'', 324–26.
−	}}
−
−	====119====
−	{{IndexClaimItemShort
−	|title=Nauvoo Polygamy
−	|claim=The author assumes censorship when he note that "after John C. Bennett's disagreement with Smith, the record of his celestial marriages was apparently expunged."
−	}}
−	*The author is arguing from negative evidence—he claims that the absence of any record of Bennett's "marriages" is proof that the Church or Joseph suppressed them!
−	*He is presuming that Bennett's "marriages" were at one time sanctioned by Joseph.  All the evidence indicates that Joseph was upset whenever Bennett's behavior came to his attention.
−	*{{Detail|Polygamy book/John C. Bennett|l1=John C. Bennett}}
−	*{{Detail|Mormonism and history/Censorship and revision}}
−	*[[../../Censorship]]
−	|authorsources=
−	*No source provided.
−	{{CriticalWorks:Smith:Nauvoo_Polygamy:See_also:John_C._Bennett}}
−	{{CriticalWorks:Smith:Nauvoo_Polygamy:See_also:Censorship}}
−	}}
−
−	====119====
−	{{IndexClaimItemShort
−	|title=Nauvoo Polygamy
−	|claim={{AuthorQuote|"Smith told Bennett he could not withdraw from the church because he had been 'disfellowshipped' two weeks before on May 11.  This apparent backdating was an attempt to discredit Bennett."}}
−	}}
−	*The author has mentioned this before.  He has now adopted Bennett's version completely, with no hint that there is more to the story.
−	*(Already [[../Chapter_2#65|addressed above]], see pp. 65, 70, 72-73.)
−	*{{Detail|Polygamy book/John C. Bennett|l1=John C. Bennett}}
−	|authorsources=
−	*No source provided.
−	*{{misinformation|
−	{{CriticalWorks:Smith:Nauvoo_Polygamy:See_also:John_C._Bennett}}
−	}}
−
−	====122====
−	{{IndexClaimItemShort
−	|title=Nauvoo Polygamy
−	|claim=The author reports that in John C. Bennett's first letter that "he reported that Smith 'attempted to seduce Miss Nany{{cs}} Rigdon,'…."
−	}}
−	*{{Detail|Polygamy book/John C. Bennett|l1=John C. Bennett}}
−	|authorsources=
−	*Bennett to ''Sangamo Journal'', June 27, 1842.
−	{{CriticalWorks:Smith:Nauvoo_Polygamy:See_also:John_C._Bennett}}
−	}}
−
−	====123-125====
−	{{IndexClaimItemShort
−	|title=Nauvoo Polygamy
−	|claim=The author recounts John C. Bennett's version of the Sarah Pratt episode.
−	}}
−	*{{Detail|Polygamy book/John C. Bennett|l1=John C. Bennett}}
−	|authorsources=
−	{{CriticalWorks:Smith:Nauvoo_Polygamy:See_also:John_C._Bennett}}
−	}}
−
−	====129-134====
−	{{IndexClaimItemShort
−	|title=Nauvoo Polygamy
−	|claim=The story of Emma Smith pushing Eliza Snow down the stairs is mentioned.
−	}}
−	*{{Detail|Joseph Smith/Polygamy/Emma Smith/Eliza R. Snow and the stairs|l1=Emma, Eliza, and the stairs}}
−	*{{GLS-Nauvoo Polygamy-FARMS}}
−	|authorsources=
−	{{CriticalWorks:Smith:Nauvoo_Polygamy:See_also:Stairs}}
−	}}
−
−	====131-132====
−	{{IndexClaim
−	|claim=
−	The author notes that "…historian Fawn M. Brodie thought the documentation was strong enough to include it in her biography of Smith."
−	|response=
−	*Fawn Brodie's evidentiary standard was often depressingly low.  She was certain that Oliver Buell was Joseph's son (based on photographic evidence) but DNA evidence has resoundingly refuted her.
−	*{{Detail|Joseph Smith/Polygamy/Emma Smith/Eliza R. Snow and the stairs|l1=Emma, Eliza, and the stairs}}
−	*{{GLS-Nauvoo Polygamy-FARMS}}
−	|authorsources=
−	*{{CriticalWork:Brodie:No Man Knows|pages=470–71}}
−	*{{CriticalWorks:Smith:Nauvoo_Polygamy:See_also:Stairs}}
−	*{{CriticalWorks:Smith:Nauvoo_Polygamy:See_also:Buell}}
−	}}
−
−	====131 n. 195====
−	{{IndexClaim
−	|claim=
−	The author cites ''BYU Studies'' on Emma and Eliza, but does not disclose that those authors find that the story is not plausible.
−	|response=
−	*{{Detail|Joseph Smith/Polygamy/Emma Smith/Eliza R. Snow and the stairs|l1=Emma, Eliza, and the stairs}}
−	*{{GLS-Nauvoo Polygamy-FARMS}}
−	|authorsources=
−	*Maureen Ursenbach Beecher et al., “Emma and Eliza and the Stairs,” ''BYU Studies'' 22/1 (Fall 1982): 86–96.
−	{{CriticalWorks:Smith:Nauvoo_Polygamy:See_also:Stairs}}
−	}}
−
−	====132====
−	{{IndexClaimItemShort
−	|title=Nauvoo Polygamy
−	|claim=The author cites Newel and Avery, ''Mormon Enigma'' without acknowledging or engaging their arguments against the story of Emma and Eliza.
−	}}
−	*{{Detail|Joseph Smith/Polygamy/Emma Smith/Eliza R. Snow and the stairs|l1=Emma, Eliza, and the stairs}}
−	*{{GLS-Nauvoo Polygamy-FARMS}}
−	|authorsources=
−	*Newell and Avery, ''Mormon Enigma'', 134.
−	{{CriticalWorks:Smith:Nauvoo_Polygamy:See_also:Stairs}}
−	}}
−
−	====133====
−	{{IndexClaim
−	|claim=
−	The author assumes rumors are evidence: "Most convincing of all is to think that these stories [about Emma] were circulating widely and Eliza never bothered to clarify or refute them."
−	|response=
−	*Uncorrected rumor or gossip is more convincing than the absence of diary or behavioral evidence for a pregnancy as outlined by Newel and Avery (see [[Joseph Smith and polygamy/Emma Smith/Eliza R. Snow and the stairs|previous]])?
−	*{{Detail|Joseph Smith/Polygamy/Emma Smith/Eliza R. Snow and the stairs|l1=Emma, Eliza, and the stairs}}
−	*{{GLS-Nauvoo Polygamy-FARMS}}
−	|authorsources=
−	*No source provided.
−	{{CriticalWorks:Smith:Nauvoo_Polygamy:See_also:Stairs}}
−	}}
−
−	====137====
−	{{IndexClaim
−	|claim=
−	Censorship is again implied, when the author notes that the ''History of the Church'' "reports the day's activities…without a hint of a wedding" to Sarah Ann Whitney.
−	|response=
−	*{{Detail|Mormonism and history/Censorship and revision}}
−	*[[../../Censorship]]
−	|authorsources=
−	*No source provided.
−	{{CriticalWorks:Smith:Nauvoo_Polygamy:See_also:Censorship}}
−	}}
−
−	====138 - The author talks about Joseph's letter to the Whitneys ''again'': "Three weeks after the wedding, Joseph took steps to spend some time with his newest bride."====
−	{{IndexClaimItemShort
−	|title=Nauvoo Polygamy
−	|claim=
−	The author talks about Joseph's letter to the Whitneys ''again'': "Three weeks after the wedding, Joseph took steps to spend some time with his newest bride."
−	|authorsources=
−	No source provided.
−	{{CriticalWorks:Smith:Nauvoo_Polygamy:See_also:Love_letters_Whitney}}
−	}}
−	*Again, The author fails to acknowledge that Joseph wanted Sarah Ann '''and her parents''' to visit him.
−	*[[../../Use_of_sources#Sarah_Ann_Whitney_and_the_letter_to_the_Whitneys|Use of sources&mdash;Letter to Whitneys]]
−	*[[../../Loaded and prejudicial language]]
−	*[[../../Mind reading]]
−	*[[../../Romance]]
−	*{{GLS-Nauvoo Polygamy-FARMS}}
−	{{:Question: Did Joseph Smith write a "love letter" to his plural wife Sarah Ann Whitney to request a secret rendezvous?}}
−	{{:Question: How do critics of the Church portray Joseph Smith's letter to the Whitney family as a "love letter"?}}
−	{{:Question: What was the real purpose of the letter written by Joseph Smith to the parents of Sarah Ann Whitney?}}
−
−	====139====
−	{{IndexClaim
−	|claim=
−	The book claims that in an "extraordinary move, the Nauvoo City Council issued an ordinance limiting the power of state courts and claiming the right to review and dismiss future writs."
−	|response=
−	*{{Detail|City of Nauvoo/City charter}}
−	|authorsources=
−	*Roberts, ''Comprehensive History'' 2:468-69.
−	{{CriticalWorks:Smith:Nauvoo_Polygamy:See_also:Nauvoo city charter}}
−	}}
−
−	====142====
−	{{IndexClaim
−	|claim=
−	The author really wants readers to understand Joseph's letter to the Whitneys:
−	<blockquote>
−	"It was the ninth night of Joseph's concealment, and Emma had visited him three times, written him several letters, and penned at least one letter on his behalf…For his part, Joseph's private note about his love for Emma was so endearing it found its way into the official church history.  In it, he vowed to be hers 'forevermore.'  Yet within this context of reassurance and intimacy, a few hours later the same day, even while Joseph was still in grave danger and when secrecy was of the utmost urgency, he made complicated arrangements for a visit from his fifteenth plural wife, Sarah Ann Whitney."
−	</blockquote>
−	|response=
−	*Joseph’s behavior is painted as callous toward Emma and also as evidence of an almost insatiable sexual hunger.
−	*Yet again, the author does not acknowledge that Joseph wants all the Whitneys there.
−	*{{Detail|Joseph Smith/Polygamy/Whitney letter}}
−	*[[../../Use_of_sources#Sarah_Ann_Whitney_and_the_letter_to_the_Whitneys|Use of sources&mdash;Letter to Whitneys]]
−	*[[../../Loaded and prejudicial language]]
−	*[[../../Romance]]
−	*{{GLS-Nauvoo Polygamy-FARMS}}
−	|authorsources=
−	{{CriticalWorks:Smith:Nauvoo_Polygamy:See_also:Love_letters_Whitney}}
−	}}
−
−	====142-143====
−	{{IndexClaimItemShort
−	|title=Nauvoo Polygamy
−	|claim=Referring to the Whitney letter, the author notes: "Smith urged his seventeen-year-old bride to 'come to night' and 'comfort' him—but only if Emma had not returned….Joseph judiciously addressed the letter to 'Brother, and Sister, Whitney, and &c."
−	}}
−	*Despite mentioning (finally!) that the letter is addressed to all three Whitneys, the author continues to insist that Sarah Ann is the one who is to "come" and "comfort" him.
−	*He here (p. 143) reproduces the letter's full text (having used it at least four times to push his reading of Joseph needing Sarah to "comfort" him), but does not address the reason why Joseph sought a visit with his plural wife and her parents: to “tell you all my plans . . . [and] to git the fulness of my blessings sealed upon our heads, &c.”
−	**{{Detail|Joseph Smith/Polygamy/Whitney letter}}
−	**[[../../Use_of_sources#Sarah_Ann_Whitney_and_the_letter_to_the_Whitneys|Use of sources&mdash;Letter to Whitneys]]
−	**[[../../Loaded and prejudicial language]]
−	**[[../../Mind reading]]
−	**[[../../Romance]]
−	**{{GLS-Nauvoo Polygamy-FARMS}}
−	*Small wonder that Joseph didn’t want a hostile Emma present while trying to administer what he and the Whitneys regarded as sacred ordinances. And, it is unsurprising that he considered a single private room sufficient for the purposes for which he summoned his plural wife and her parents.
−	*Smith commonly exploits the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presentism_(literary_and_historical_analysis) presentist fallacy] in the matter of Joseph's wives' ages.
−	*[[Polygamy book/Age of wives|Age of wives]]
−	*[[../../Presentism]]
−	|authorsources=
−	{{CriticalWorks:Smith:Nauvoo_Polygamy:See_also:Love_letters_Whitney}}
−	{{CriticalWorks:Smith:Nauvoo_Polygamy:See_also:Age_wives}}
−	}}
−
−	====147====
−	{{IndexClaim
−	|claim=
−	Referring yet again to the Whitney letter, the author notes: "Invites Whitneys to visit, Sarah Ann to 'comfort me' if Emma not there.  Invitation accepted."
−	|response=
−	*Having just reproduced the entire letter, the author again insists that Sarah Ann is the one to "comfort" Joseph, even though the letter says nothing of the sort.
−	*The author does not indicate how he knows the invitation was accepted.
−	*We do know that the Whitneys were sealed in eternal marriage three days later.    But, the author does not tell us that either.
−	*{{Detail|Joseph Smith/Polygamy/Whitney letter}}
−	*[[../../Use_of_sources#Sarah_Ann_Whitney_and_the_letter_to_the_Whitneys|Use of sources&mdash;Letter to Whitneys]]
−	*[[../../Loaded and prejudicial language]]
−	*[[../../Romance]]
−	*{{GLS-Nauvoo Polygamy-FARMS}}
−	|authorsources=|authorsources=
−	*No source provided.
−	{{CriticalWorks:Smith:Nauvoo_Polygamy:See_also:Love_letters_Whitney}}
−	}}
−
−	====147–154====
−	{{IndexClaimItemShort
−	|title=Nauvoo Polygamy
−	|claim=The book recounts the Nancy Rigdon episode
−	}}
−	*{{Detail|Polygamy book/John C. Bennett|l1=John C. Bennett}}
−	|authorsources=
−	{{CriticalWorks:Smith:Nauvoo_Polygamy:See_also:John_C._Bennett}}
−	}}
−
−	====149====
−	{{IndexClaim
−	|claim=
−	The author assumes that Sidney Rigdon "was in many ways a mentor to Joseph."
−	|response=
−	*What evidence is there of this?  Joseph was always in charge and always the senior partner, though he was happy to make use of Rigdon's skills as an orator.
−	*Joseph had published the Book of Mormon and had the Church well established before Rigdon appeared.  He did not need Sidney to "mentor" him at all.
−	|authorsources=
−	*No source provided.
−	}}
−	====149====
−	{{IndexClaimItemShort
−	|title=Nauvoo Polygamy
−	|claim=The author speculates that Sidney Rigdon "was not someone Joseph felt comfortable approaching to ask for his daughter's hand in polygamy.  So Joseph appealed to the young woman directly."
−	}}
−	*[[../../Mind reading]]
−	*{{Detail|Polygamy book/John C. Bennett|l1=John C. Bennett}}
−	|authorsources=
−	*No source provided.
−	{{CriticalWorks:Smith:Nauvoo_Polygamy:See_also:John_C._Bennett}}
−	}}
−
−	====149====
−	{{IndexClaimItemShort
−	|title=Nauvoo Polygamy
−	|claim={{AuthorQuote|"For some reason, Marinda [Johnson Hyde] stayed [in the same house as] Apostle Willard Richards, whose wife, Jennetta, was in Massachusetts….Although the two may have lived in separate parts of the building…their living arrangements seemed to be an open scandal."}}
−	}}
−	*This hardly has the appearance of an "open scandal." From ''History of the Church'':
−	<blockquote>
−	Thursday, 2.—I received the following revelation to Nancy Marinda Hyde—
−	Revelation.<br>
−	Verily thus saith the Lord unto you my servant Joseph, that inasmuch as you have called upon me to know my will concerning my handmaid Nancy Marinda Hyde—behold it is my will that she should have a better place prepared for her, than that in which she now lives, in order that her life may be spared unto her; therefore go and say unto my servant, Ebenezer Robinson, and to my handmaid his wife—Let them open their doors and take her and her children into their house and take care of them faithfully and kindly until my servant Orson Hyde returns from his mission, or until some other provision can be made for her welfare and safety. Let them do these things and spare not, and I the Lord will bless them and heal them if they do it not grudgingly, saith the Lord God; and she shall be a blessing unto them; and let my handmaid Nancy Marinda Hyde hearken to the counsel of my servant Joseph in all things whatsoever he shall teach unto her, and it shall be a blessing upon her and upon her children after her, unto her justification, saith the Lord.
−	</blockquote>
−	|authorsources=
−	*''History of the Church'' 4:467
−	**{{CitationError}} Bennett, ''History of the Saints'', 241; [Error! The correct page is 243 for the claim of scandal.]
−	*Ebenezer Robinson, ''The Return'' (Oct 1890): 347 [Actually most is on p. 346].
−	*(Did the author just copy these from Van Wagoner, ''Sidney Rigdon'', who uses the same page numbers, rather than check the originals?
−	}}
−	====154====
−	{{IndexClaimItemShort
−	|title=Nauvoo Polygamy
−	|claim=The author claims that both Nancy Rigdon and Martha Brotherton were "isolated in a locked room during the persuasive effort."
−	}}
−	*{{Detail|Joseph Smith/Polygamy/Women locked in a room}}
−	*{{Detail|Polygamy book/John C. Bennett|l1=John C. Bennett}}
−	|authorsources=
−	*No source provided.
−	}}
−
−	====155====
−	{{IndexClaimItemShort
−	|title=Nauvoo Polygamy
−	|claim=The author refers to Joseph's visit by the Whitneys as a "liaison" with Sarah Ann.
−	}}
−	*The author persists with Sarah Ann Whitney and "liaison" fiction.
−	*{{Detail|Joseph Smith/Polygamy/Whitney letter}}
−	*[[../../Use_of_sources#Sarah_Ann_Whitney_and_the_letter_to_the_Whitneys|Use of sources&mdash;Letter to Whitneys]]
−	*[[../../Loaded and prejudicial language]]
−	*[[../../Mind reading]]
−	*[[../../Romance]]
−	*{{GLS-Nauvoo Polygamy-FARMS}}
−	|authorsources=
−	*No source provided.
−	{{CriticalWorks:Smith:Nauvoo_Polygamy:See_also:Love_letters_Whitney}}
−	}}
	{{endnotes sources}}		{{endnotes sources}}

---

Revision as of 21:42, 12 October 2017

FAIR Answers—back to home page

Response to claims made in "Chapter 2" (pp. 52-80)

Chapter 1 (pp. 26-51)

A FAIR Analysis of: Nauvoo Polygamy: "... but we called it celestial marriage", a work by author: George D. Smith

Chapter 2 (pp. 81-155)

Response to claims made in Nauvoo Polygamy, "Chapter 2" (pp. 52-158)

Jump to Subtopic:

• Response to claim: 53 - the author notes that Joseph "recommended his friend, whose seventeen-year-old daughter he had just married, should 'come a little a head, and nock…at the window'"
• Response to claim: 53 - "The prophet then poured out his heart, writing to his newest wife: 'My feelings are so strong for you…now is the time to afford me succour….I know it is the will of God that you should comfort me now'"
• Response to claim: 53 - "Emma Hale, Joseph's wife of fifteen years, had left his side just twenty-four hours earlier. Now Joseph declared that he was "lonesome"
• Response to claim: 54 - “Did Sarah Ann keep this rendezvous on that humid summer night? Unfortunately, the documentary record is silent"
• Response to claim: 54 - The author states that what interested him the most was how Joseph "went about courting…these women"
• Response to claim: 55 - When polygamy was officially abandoned in 1890, that "what previously had been called 'celestial marriage' was subtly redefined to specify something new
• Response to claim: 55 - "Despite his crowded daily schedule, the prophet interrupted other activities for secret liaisons with women and girls"
• Response to claim: 55 - "Joseph "assured the women and their families that such unions were not only sanctioned but were demanded by heaven"
• Response to claim: 56 - "There may have been even more wives and plural children"
• Response to claim: 63 - "conjugal visits appear furtive and constantly shadowed by the threat of disclosure"
• Response to claim: 65 - "when Joseph requested that Sarah Ann Whitney visit him and ‘nock at the window,’ he reassured his new young wife that Emma would not be there"
• Response to claim: 65 - "One of the instrumental people in the inauguration of plural marriage was John Bennett"
• Response to claim: 65 - John C. Bennett was Joseph Smith's "closest confident"

• Response to claim: 65 - John C. Bennett spoke out against Joseph "and was soon stripped of his offices and titles"
• Response to claim: 65 - John C. Bennett and Joseph each "accused the other of immoral behavior"
• Response to claim: 65 - While some of John C. Bennett's claims "may have been exaggerations, much of what he reported can be confirmed by other eyewitness accounts"
• Response to claim: 65 - John C. Bennett "cannot be merely dismissed as an unfriendly source who fabricated scandal"
• Response to claim: 65 - John C. Bennett "had an ambitious but colorful background"
• Response to claim: 66-67 - John C. Bennett "was well positioned to know all about any behind-the-scenes transactions"
• Response to claim: 68 - Joseph is merely “feigning impartiality” before going on to practice “undemocratic block voting"
• Response to claim: 69 - Joseph was apparently "undeterred" by reports of a negative assessment of Bennett
• Response to claim: 69 - John C. Bennett was Assistant President of the Church
• Response to claim: 69 - John C. Bennett had religious influence by being Assistant President of the Church
• Response to claim: 70 - Joseph Smith and John C. Bennett remained confidants until about March the next year (1842)
• Response to claim: 70 - There seemed to be "no office or honor within reach" that Joseph Smith "did not hasten to grant to" John C. Bennett
• Response to claim: 70 - "Zina Huntington, who married Henry Jacobs instead but then reconsidered seven months later in response to Joseph's restated interest"
• Response to claim: 70-71 - "Joseph soon after married Zina's sister, Presendia, who was also already married"
• Response to claim: 71 - "Bennett alleged that during the summer and fall of 1841, Smith made unsuccessful advances toward Apostle Orson Pratt's wife, Sarah"
• Response to claim: 72 - Orson Pratt eventually accepted Joseph's explanation "that he merely wanted to test Sarah's obedience, and was not seriously courting this married woman"
• Response to claim: 72 - "Meanwhile, Bennett seems to have followed his leader in courting several women himself"
• Response to claim: 72 - John C. Bennett resigned from the church on May 17, 1842
• Response to claim: 72 - John C. Bennett was excommunicated from the Church in "retaliation"
• Response to claim: 72 - John C. Bennett claimed that his excommunication was postdated to May 11 to appear that it had occurred before his resignation
• Response to claim: 73 - "It is entirely plausible that Bennett was then privy to Smith's domestic matters"
• Response to claim: 73 - "In the spring of 1842, the two men quarreled and Smith had Bennett excommunicated"
• Response to claim: 75 - Zina and Henry Jacobs "were apparently willing to let the prophet insinuate himself into their marriage"
• Response to claim: 75 - "In the context of having just married a pregnant wife" Joseph's "words acquire added meaning: 'If you will not accuse me, I will not accuse you….'"
• Response to claim: 75 - Joseph's diary and the History of the Church do not "give any hint of conjugal contacts Smith might have had with this wife"
• Response to claim: 77 - "Even though Zina was pregnant with Henry's child when she married Joseph...she and her children would be Joseph's 'eternal possessions,' unconnected to Henry"
• Response to claim: 77 - Brigham Young advised Henry Jacobs "to find a wife who could be his eternal partner"
• Response to claim: 78 - Brigham Young said that "if a woman can find a man holding the keys of the priesthood with higher power and authority than her husband, and he is disposed to take her"
• Response to claim: 79 - Presendia Buell is claimed to have "displayed an affinity for mystical religious experiences as one of the women who began speaking and singing in tongues"
• Response to claim: 79 - Presendia Buell "did not take the prophet's advice" to leave for Illinois while he was in Liberty Jail "prior to his escape from jail on April 16. Nine months later, on January 31, 1841, she gave birth to a son Oliver"
• Response to claim: 80 n. 63 - "There is no DNA connection" between Joseph Smith and Oliver Buell

Response to claim: 53 - the author notes that Joseph "recommended his friend, whose seventeen-year-old daughter he had just married, should 'come a little a head, and nock…at the window'"

The author(s) of Nauvoo Polygamy make(s) the following claim:

Referring again to the Whitney letter, the author notes that Joseph "recommended his friend, whose seventeen-year-old daughter he had just married, should 'come a little a head, and nock…at the window.'"

Author's sources:

• Smith, Letter to "Brother and Sister [Newel K.] Whitney, and &c.," Nauvoo, Illinois, Aug. 18, 1842, LDS Church Archives, Salt Lake City.

FAIR's Response

Fact checking results: The author has stated erroneous information or misinterpreted their sources

The mistake: The author commonly exploits the presentist fallacy in the matter of Joseph's wives' ages. The author also contradicts himself on p. 65: "Joseph requested that Sarah Ann Whitney visit him and ‘nock at the window...."

Gregory L. Smith, A review of Nauvoo Polygamy:...but we called it celestial marriage by George D. Smith. FARMS Review, Vol. 20, Issue 2. (Detailed book review) Whitney "love letter" (edit)

• See also ch. Preface: ix
• See also ch. 1: 31
• See also ch. 2: 53, 54, 63, and 65
• See also ch. 2a: 137, 138, 142, 142-143, 147, and 155
• See also ch. 3: 185, 190, 236a, 236c, and 366

Ages of wives (edit)

• See also ch. Preface: ix
• See also ch. 1: 1, 22, 29, 30, 31, 32, and 44
• See also ch. 2: 53
• See also ch. 2a: 142-143
• See also ch. 3: 198
• See also ch. 6: 408
• Use of sources—Letter to Whitneys
• Criticism of Mormonism/Books/Loaded and prejudicial language
• Criticism of Mormonism/Books/Romance
• Criticism of Mormonism/Books/Presentism

Question: Did Joseph Smith write a "love letter" to his plural wife Sarah Ann Whitney to request a secret rendezvous?

On 18 August 1842, Joseph Smith wrote a letter to the parents of Sarah Ann Whitney, who had become his plural wife three weeks earlier, asking them to visit him while he was in hiding.

Critics of the Church would have us believe that this is a private, secret "love letter" from Joseph to Sarah Ann, however, Joseph wrote this letter to the Whitney's, addressing it to Sarah's parents. The "matter" to which he refers is likely the administration of ordinances rather than the arrangement of some sort of private tryst with one of his plural wives. Why would one invite your bride's parents to such an encounter? Joseph doesn't want Emma gone because he wants to be alone with Sarah Ann—a feat that would be difficult to accomplish with her parents there—he wants Emma gone either because she is opposed to plural marriage (the contention that would result from an encounter between Emma and the Whitney's just a few weeks after Joseph's sealing to Sarah Ann would hardly be conducive to having the spirit present in order to "git the fulness of my blessings sealed upon our heads"), or because she may have been followed or spied upon by Joseph's enemies, putting either Joseph or the Whitneys in danger.

The Prophet was in hiding as a result of the assassination attempt that had been made on Missouri governor Lilburn Boggs

On the 16th of August, 1842, while Joseph was in hiding at the Sayer's, Emma expressed concern for Joseph's safety. She sent a letter to Joseph in which she noted,

There are more ways than one to take care of you, and I believe that you can still direct in your business concerns if we are all of us prudent in the matter. If it was pleasant weather I should contrive to see you this evening, but I dare not run too much of a risk, on account of so many going to see you. (History of the Church, Vol.5, Ch.6, p.109)

It is evident that there was concern on Emma's part that Joseph's hiding place would be discovered because of all the people visiting Joseph, particularly if they were in the company of Emma

Joseph wrote the next day in his journal,

Several rumors were afloat in the city, intimating that my retreat had been discovered, and that it was no longer safe for me to remain at Brother Sayers'; consequently Emma came to see me at night, and informed me of the report. It was considered wisdom that I should remove immediately, and accordingly I departed in company with Emma and Brother Derby, and went to Carlos Granger's, who lived in the north-east part of the city. Here we were kindly received and well treated." (History of the Church, Vol.5, Ch.6, pp. 117-118)

The next day, while in hiding at the Granger's, Joseph wrote a letter to three members of the Whitney family inviting them to come visit him

The letter is addressed to "Brother and Sister Whitney, and &c." Scholars agree that the third person referred to was the Whitney's daughter Sarah Ann, to whom Joseph had been sealed in a plural marriage, without Emma's knowledge, three weeks prior. The full letter, with photographs of the original document, was published by Michael Marquardt in 1973, ^[1] and again in 1984 by Dean C. Jessee in The Personal Writings of Joseph Smith. ^[2] The complete text of the letter reads as follows (original spelling has been retained):

Nauvoo August 18th 1842

Dear, and Beloved, Brother and Sister, Whitney, and &c.—

I take this oppertunity to communi[c]ate, some of my feelings, privetely at this time, which I want you three Eternaly to keep in your own bosams; for my feelings are so strong for you since what has pased lately between us, that the time of my abscence from you seems so long, and dreary, that it seems, as if I could not live long in this way: and <if you> three would come and see me in this my lonely retreat, it would afford me great relief, of mind, if those with whom I am alied, do love me; now is the time to afford me succour, in the days of exile, for you know I foretold you of these things. I am now at Carlos Graingers, Just back of Brother Hyrams farm, it is only one mile from town, the nights are very pleasant indeed, all three of you come <can> come and See me in the fore part of the night, let Brother Whitney come a little a head, and nock at the south East corner of the house at <the> window; it is next to the cornfield, I have a room inti=rely by myself, the whole matter can be attended to with most perfect safty, I <know> it is the will of God that you should comfort <me> now in this time of affliction, or not at[ta]l now is the time or never, but I hav[e] no kneed of saying any such thing, to you, for I know the goodness of your hearts, and that you will do the will of the Lord, when it is made known to you; the only thing to be careful of; is to find out when Emma comes then you cannot be safe, but when she is not here, there is the most perfect safty: only be careful to escape observation, as much as possible, I know it is a heroick undertakeing; but so much the greater frendship, and the more Joy, when I see you I <will> tell you all my plans, I cannot write them on paper, burn this letter as soon as you read it; keep all locked up in your breasts, my life depends upon it. one thing I want to see you for is <to> git the fulness of my blessings sealed upon our heads, &c. you wi will pardon me for my earnest=ness on <this subject> when you consider how lonesome I must be, your good feelings know how to <make> every allowance for me, I close my letter, I think Emma wont come tonight if she dont dont fail to come to night. I subscribe myself your most obedient, <and> affectionate, companion, and friend.

Joseph Smith

Some critics point to this letter as evidence the Joseph wrote a private and secret “love letter” to Sarah Ann, requesting that she visit him while he was in seclusion. Others believe that the letter was a request to Sarah Ann's parents to bring their daughter to him so that he could obtain "comfort," with the implication that "comfort" involved intimate relations.

Question: How do critics of the Church portray Joseph Smith's letter to the Whitney family as a "love letter"?

Critical treatments of the letter: Was this a "love" letter to Sarah Ann?

Did Joseph Smith write a private and secret “love letter” to Sarah Ann Whitney? Was this letter a request to Sarah Ann's parents to bring her to Joseph? Was Joseph trying to keep Sarah Ann and Emma from encountering one another? Certain sentences extracted from the letter might lead one to believe one or all of these things. Critics use this to their advantage by extracting only the portions of the letter which support the conclusions above. We present here four examples of how the text of the letter has been employed by critics in order to support their position that Joseph was asking the Whitney's to bring Sarah Ann over for an intimate encounter. The text of the full letter is then examined again in light of these treatments.

Critical presentation #1

Consider the following excerpt from a website that is critical of the Church. Portions of the Whitney letter are extracted and presented in the following manner:

... the only thing to be careful of; is to find out when Emma comes then you cannot be safe, but when she is not here, there is the most perfect safty. ... Only be careful to escape observation, as much as possible, I know it is a heroick undertakeing; but so much the greater friendship, and the more Joy, when I see you I will tell you all my plans, I cannot write them on paper, burn this letter as soon as you read it; keep all locked up in your breasts, my life depends upon it. ... I close my letter, I think Emma wont come tonight if she dont, dont fail to come to night, I subscribe myself your most obedient, and affectionate, companion, and friend. Joseph Smith.
—’’Rethinking Mormonism’’, “Did Joseph Smith have sex with his wives?” (Web page)

This certainly has all of the elements of a secret “love letter:” The statement that it would not be safe if Emma were there, the request to “burn this letter as soon as you read it,” and the stealthy instructions for approaching the house. The question is, who was this letter addressed to? The critics on their web site clearly want you to believe that this was a private letter to Sarah Ann.

Critical presentation #2

Here is the way that Van Wagoner presents selected excerpts of the same letter. In this case, at least, he acknowledges that the letter was addressed to “the Whitney’s,” rather than Sarah, but adds his own opinion that it “detailed [Joseph’s] problems in getting to see Sarah Ann without Emma's knowledge:”

My feelings are so strong for you since what has pased lately between us ... if you three would come and see me in this my lonely retreat, it would afford me great relief, of mind, if those with whom I am alied, do love me, now is the time to Afford me succor ... the only thing to be careful is to find out when Emma comes then you cannot be safe, but when she is not here, there is the most perfect safety.
—Richard S. Van Wagoner, Mormon Polygamy: A History, 48.

Critical presentation #3

This version, presented by George D. Smith, presents excerpts from the letter which makes it sound like Joseph was absolutely lusting for the company of Sarah Ann. Smith even makes Napoleon Bonaparte a Joseph Smith doppelgänger by quoting a letter from the future Emperor to Josephine of their first night together:

"I have awakened full of you. The memory of last night has given my senses no rest. . . . What an effect you have on my heart! I send you thousands of kisses—but don’t kiss me. Your kisses sear my blood” (p. xi). George Smith then claims that a “young man of ambition and vision penned his own letter of affection to a young woman. It was the summer of 1842 when thirty-six-year-old Joseph Smith, hiding from the law down by the Mississippi River in Illinois, confessed:"

Smith then compares the excerpts from Napoleon's letter above to portions of the Whitney letter:

My feelings are so strong for you . . . come and see me in this my lonely retreat . . . now is the time to afford me succour . . . I have a room intirely by myself, the whole matter can be attended to with most perfect saf[e]ty, I know it is the will of God that you should comfort me.
—George D. Smith, “Nauvoo Polygamy: We Called It Celestial Marriage,” Free Inquiry [Council for Secular Humanism] 28/3 (April–May 2008): 44–46.

Critical presentation #4

Main article: A FairMormon Analysis of Nauvoo Polygamy..."but we called it celestial marriage"

Finally, we have a version which acknowledges the full contents of the letter...but only after presenting it in the manner described above numerous times. The author eventually provides the full text of this letter (150 pages after its comparison with Napoleon). Since there are no extant "love letters" from Joseph Smith to any of his plural wives, the mileage that the author of Nauvoo Polygamy..."but we called it celestial marriage" extracts from the single letter to the Whitney's is simply astounding:

• "[i]t was eleven years after the Smiths roomed with the Whitneys that Joseph expressed a romantic interest in their daughter, as well." (p. 31)
• "recommended his friend, whose seventeen-year-old daughter he had just married, should 'come a little a head, and nock…at the window.'" (p. 53)
• "Emma Hale, Joseph's wife of fifteen years, had left his side just twenty-four hours earlier. Now Joseph declared that he was "lonesome," and he pleaded with Sarah Ann to visit him under cover of darkness. After all, they had been married just three weeks earlier. (p. 53)
• "As will be seen, conjugal visits appear furtive and constantly shadowed by the threat of disclosure." (p. 63)
• “when Joseph requested that Sarah Ann Whitney visit him and ‘nock at the window,’ he reassured his new young wife that Emma would not be there, telegraphing his fear of discovery if Emma happened upon his trysts.” (p. 65)
• "Three weeks after the wedding, Joseph took steps to spend some time with his newest bride." (p. 138)
• "It was the ninth night of Joseph's concealment, and Emma had visited him three times, written him several letters, and penned at least one letter on his behalf…For his part, Joseph's private note about his love for Emma was so endearing it found its way into the official church history. In it, he vowed to be hers 'forevermore.' Yet within this context of reassurance and intimacy, a few hours later the same day, even while Joseph was still in grave danger and when secrecy was of the utmost urgency, he made complicated arrangements for a visit from his fifteenth plural wife, Sarah Ann Whitney." (p. 142)
• "Smith urged his seventeen-year-old bride to 'come to night' and 'comfort' him—but only if Emma had not returned….Joseph judiciously addressed the letter to 'Brother, and Sister, Whitney, and &c." (p. 142-143)
• "Invites Whitneys to visit, Sarah Ann to 'comfort me' if Emma not there. Invitation accepted." (p.. 147)
• "As if Sarah Ann Whitney's liaison were not enough…another marriage took place…." (p. 155)
• "summer 1842 call for an intimate visit from Sarah Ann Whitney…substantiate[s] the intimate relationships he was involved in during those two years." (p. 185)
• “his warning to Sarah Ann to proceed carefully in order to make sure Emma would not find them in their hiding place.” (p. 236)
• "Just as Joseph sought comfort from Sarah Ann the day Emma departed from his hideout…." (p. 236)
• "Elizabeth [Whitney] was arranging conjugal visits between her daughter, Sarah Ann, and [Joseph]…." (p. 366)

One must assume that this is the closest thing that the author could find to a love letter, because the "real" love letters from Joseph to his plural wives do not exist. The author had to make do with this one, despite the fact that it did not precisely fit the bill. With judicious pruning, however, it can be made to sound sufficiently salacious to suit the purpose at hand: to "prove" that Joseph lusted after women.

The full story

In contrast to the sources above, Compton actually provides the complete text of the letter up front, and concludes that "[t]he Mormon leader is putting the Whitney's in the difficult position of having to learn about Emma's movements, avoid her, then meet secretly with him" and that the "cloak-and-dagger atmosphere in this letter is typical of Nauvoo polygamy." ^[3]

What parts of the Whitney letter do the critics not mention?

As always, it is helpful to view the entire set of statements in content. Let's revisit the entire letter, this time with the selections extracted by the critics highlighted:

Nauvoo August 18th 1842

Dear, and Beloved, Brother and Sister, Whitney, and &c.—

I take this oppertunity to communi[c]ate, some of my feelings, privetely at this time, which I want you three Eternaly to keep in your own bosams; for my feelings are so strong for you since what has pased lately between us, that the time of my abscence from you seems so long, and dreary, that it seems, as if I could not live long in this way: and <if you> three would come and see me in this my lonely retreat, it would afford me great relief, of mind, if those with whom I am alied, do love me; now is the time to afford me succour, in the days of exile, for you know I foretold you of these things. I am now at Carlos Graingers, Just back of Brother Hyrams farm, it is only one mile from town, the nights are very pleasant indeed, all three of you come <can> come and See me in the fore part of the night, let Brother Whitney come a little a head, and nock at the south East corner of the house at <the> window; it is next to the cornfield, I have a room inti=rely by myself, the whole matter can be attended to with most perfect safty, I <know> it is the will of God that you should comfort <me> now in this time of affliction, or not at[ta]l now is the time or never, but I hav[e] no kneed of saying any such thing, to you, for I know the goodness of your hearts, and that you will do the will of the Lord, when it is made known to you; the only thing to be careful of; is to find out when Emma comes then you cannot be safe, but when she is not here, there is the most perfect safty: only be careful to escape observation, as much as possible, I know it is a heroick undertakeing; but so much the greater frendship, and the more Joy, when I see you I <will> tell you all my plans, I cannot write them on paper, burn this letter as soon as you read it; keep all locked up in your breasts, my life depends upon it. one thing I want to see you for is <to> git the fulness of my blessings sealed upon our heads, &c. you wi will pardon me for my earnest=ness on <this subject> when you consider how lonesome I must be, your good feelings know how to <make> every allowance for me, I close my letter, I think Emma wont come tonight if she dont dont fail to come to night. I subscribe myself your most obedient, <and> affectionate, companion, and friend.

Joseph Smith

So, let’s take a look at the portions of the letter that are not highlighted.

Dear, and Beloved, Brother and Sister, Whitney, and &c.—

The letter is addressed to “Brother and Sister Whitney.” Sarah Ann is not mentioned by name, but is included as “&c.,” which is the equivalent of saying “and so on,” or “etc.” This hardly implies that what follows is a private “love letter” to Sarah Ann herself.

Could this have been an appeal to Sarah's parents to bring her to Joseph? In Todd Compton's opinion, Joseph "cautiously avoids writing Sarah's name." ^[4] However, Joseph stated in the letter who he wanted to talk to:

I take this oppertunity to communi[c]ate, some of my feelings, privetely at this time, which I want you three Eternaly to keep in your own bosams;

Joseph wants to talk to “you three,” meaning Newel, Elizabeth and Sarah Ann.

Question: What was the real purpose of the letter written by Joseph Smith to the parents of Sarah Ann Whitney?

The one portion of the letter in which Joseph actually gives a reason for this meeting is often excluded by critics

Interestingly enough, the one portion of the letter in which Joseph actually gives a reason for this meeting is often excluded by critics:

..one thing I want to see you for is <to> git the fulness of my blessings sealed upon our heads, &c. you wi will pardon me for my earnest=ness on <this subject> when you consider how lonesome I must be, your good feelings know how to <make> every allowance for me...

According to Richard L. Bushman, this may have been "a reference perhaps to the sealing of Newel and Elizabeth in eternal marriage three days later." ^[5] Compton adds, "This was not just a meeting of husband and plural wife, it was a meeting with Sarah's family, with a religious aspect. ^[6]

Joseph needed to have the company of friends who supported him

In addition to the stated purpose of the meeting, Joseph "may have been a lonely man who needed people around him every moment." ^[7] Consider this phrase (included in Van Wagoner's treatment, but excluded by the others):

...it would afford me great relief, of mind, if those with whom I am al[l]ied, do love me, now is the time to afford me succour, in the days of exile. (emphasis added)

These are not the words of a man asking his secret lover to meet him for a private tryst—they are the words of a man who wants the company of friends.

"...when Emma comes then you cannot be safe"

So, what about Emma? The letter certainly contains dire warnings about having the Whitney's avoid an encounter with Emma. We examine several possible reasons for the warning about Emma. Keep in mind Emma's stated concern just two days prior,

If it was pleasant weather I should contrive to see you this evening, but I dare not run too much of a risk, on account of so many going to see you. (History of the Church, Vol.5, Ch.6, p.109)

Joseph wished to discuss and/or perform a sealing ordinance that Emma had not yet received

Joseph had been sealed to Sarah Ann three weeks before without Emma's knowledge.^[8] Joseph may have wished to offer a sealing blessing to Newel and Elizabeth Whitney at this time. Given Joseph's indication to the Whitneys that he wished to "git the fulness of my blessings sealed upon our heads," and the fact that Emma herself was not sealed until she consented to the doctrine of plural marriage nine months later, Joseph may have felt that Emma’s presence would create an uncomfortable situation for all involved—particularly if she became aware of his sealing to Sarah Ann.

Joseph wished to avoid involving his friends in case he were found by those looking for him

If Joseph was in hiding, he had good reason to avoid being found (hence the request to burn the letter that disclosed his location). He would also not want his friends present in case he were to be found. Anyone that was searching for Joseph knew that Emma could lead them to him if they simply observed and followed her. If this were the case, the most dangerous time for the Whitney's to visit Joseph may have been when Emma was there—not necessarily because Emma would have been angered by finding Sarah Ann (after all, Emma did not know about the sealing, and she would have found all three Whitney's there—not just Sarah Ann), but because hostile men might have found the Whitney's with Joseph. Note that Joseph's letter states that "when Emma comes then you cannot be safe, but when she is not here, there is the most perfect safty: only be careful to escape observation, as much as possible." Joseph wanted the Whitneys to avoid observation by anyone, and not just by Emma.

Response to claim: 53 - "The prophet then poured out his heart, writing to his newest wife: 'My feelings are so strong for you…now is the time to afford me succour….I know it is the will of God that you should comfort me now'"

The author(s) of Nauvoo Polygamy make(s) the following claim:

 Author's quote: The prophet then poured out his heart, writing to his newest wife: "My feelings are so strong for you…now is the time to afford me succour….I know it is the will of God that you should comfort me now."

Author's sources: *Whitney letter, Aug. 18, 1842.

FAIR's Response

Fact checking results: The author has stated erroneous information or misinterpreted their sources

The mistake: Joseph is speaking to all three Whitneys, and the author again distorts the letter as at the beginning of the book.

Whitney "love letter" (edit)

• See also ch. Preface: ix
• See also ch. 1: 31
• See also ch. 2: 53, 54, 63, and 65
• See also ch. 2a: 137, 138, 142, 142-143, 147, and 155
• See also ch. 3: 185, 190, 236a, 236c, and 366
• Joseph Smith/Polygamy/Whitney letter
• Use of sources—Letter to Whitneys
• Criticism of Mormonism/Books/Loaded and prejudicial language
• Criticism of Mormonism/Books/Romance
• Gregory L. Smith, A review of Nauvoo Polygamy:...but we called it celestial marriage by George D. Smith. FARMS Review, Vol. 20, Issue 2. (Detailed book review)

Response to claim: 53 - "Emma Hale, Joseph's wife of fifteen years, had left his side just twenty-four hours earlier. Now Joseph declared that he was "lonesome"

The author(s) of Nauvoo Polygamy make(s) the following claim:

 Author's quote: "Emma Hale, Joseph's wife of fifteen years, had left his side just twenty-four hours earlier. Now Joseph declared that he was "lonesome," and he pleaded with Sarah Ann to visit him under cover of darkness. After all, they had been married just three weeks earlier.

Author's sources:

1. Whitney letter, Aug. 18, 1842.

FAIR's Response

Fact checking results: This claim contains propaganda - The author, or the author's source, is providing information or ideas in a slanted way in order to instill a particular attitude or response in the reader

Loaded language trying to make Joseph appear sexually voracious and insensitive to Emma. As stated in the letter, the reason for the visit was to perform ordinances.

• Gregory L. Smith, A review of Nauvoo Polygamy:...but we called it celestial marriage by George D. Smith. FARMS Review, Vol. 20, Issue 2. (Detailed book review)

Whitney "love letter" (edit)

• See also ch. Preface: ix
• See also ch. 1: 31
• See also ch. 2: 53, 54, 63, and 65
• See also ch. 2a: 137, 138, 142, 142-143, 147, and 155
• See also ch. 3: 185, 190, 236a, 236c, and 366

• Joseph Smith/Polygamy/Whitney letter
• Use of sources—Letter to Whitneys
• Criticism of Mormonism/Books/Loaded and prejudicial language
• Criticism of Mormonism/Books/Romance

Response to claim: 54 - “Did Sarah Ann keep this rendezvous on that humid summer night? Unfortunately, the documentary record is silent"

The author(s) of Nauvoo Polygamy make(s) the following claim:

 Author's quote: “Did Sarah Ann keep this rendezvous on that humid summer night? Unfortunately, the documentary record is silent.” But “the letter survives to illuminate the complexity of Smith’s life in Nauvoo."

FAIR's Response

Fact checking results: This claim contains propaganda - The author, or the author's source, is providing information or ideas in a slanted way in order to instill a particular attitude or response in the reader

The documentary record is not silent, however, as to why Joseph sought a visit with his plural wife and her parents: to “tell you all my plans . . . [and] to git the fulness of my blessings sealed upon our heads, &c.”

• Small wonder that Joseph didn’t want a hostile Emma present while trying to administer what he and the Whitneys regarded as sacred ordinances. And, it is unsurprising that he considered a single private room sufficient for the purposes for which he summoned his plural wife and her parents.
• Gregory L. Smith, A review of Nauvoo Polygamy:...but we called it celestial marriage by George D. Smith. FARMS Review, Vol. 20, Issue 2. (Detailed book review)

Whitney "love letter" (edit)

• See also ch. Preface: ix
• See also ch. 1: 31
• See also ch. 2: 53, 54, 63, and 65
• See also ch. 2a: 137, 138, 142, 142-143, 147, and 155
• See also ch. 3: 185, 190, 236a, 236c, and 366

• Joseph Smith/Polygamy/Whitney letter
• Use of sources—Letter to Whitneys
• Criticism of Mormonism/Books/Loaded and prejudicial language
• Criticism of Mormonism/Books/Romance

Response to claim: 54 - The author states that what interested him the most was how Joseph "went about courting…these women"

The author(s) of Nauvoo Polygamy make(s) the following claim:

The author states that what interested him the most was how Joseph "went about courting…these women."

Author's sources: *No source provided.

FAIR's Response

Fact checking results: The author has stated erroneous information or misinterpreted their sources

There is no evidence that Joseph did any courting. He often used intermediaries.

Womanizing & romance (edit)

• See also ch. Preface: x and xii
• See also ch. 1: 1, 21, 22, 31, 44, 49, and 54
• See also ch. 2a: 116
• See also ch. 3: 198, 227, and 237

• Criticism of Mormonism/Books/Loaded and prejudicial language
• Criticism of Mormonism/Books/Mind reading
• Criticism of Mormonism/Books/Romance
• Criticism of Mormonism/Books/Assumptions and presumptions

Response to claim: 55 - When polygamy was officially abandoned in 1890, that "what previously had been called 'celestial marriage' was subtly redefined to specify something new

The author(s) of Nauvoo Polygamy make(s) the following claim:

It is claimed that when polygamy was officially abandoned in 1890, that "what previously had been called 'celestial marriage' was subtly redefined to specify something new: marriage performed in LDS temples for this life and for an expected eternal afterlife."

Author's sources: *No source provided.

FAIR's Response

Fact checking results: The author has stated erroneous information or misinterpreted their sources

The claimed "redefinition" was present from the very beginning of plural marriage. The emphasis changed:

Necessary for salvation? (edit)

• See also ch. Preface: xiv
• See also ch. 1: 6
• See also ch. 2: 55
• See also ch. 6: 356

• Plural marriage vs. celestial marriage in the beginning
• Polygamy/Requirement for exaltation

Response to claim: 55 - "Despite his crowded daily schedule, the prophet interrupted other activities for secret liaisons with women and girls"

The author(s) of Nauvoo Polygamy make(s) the following claim:

 Author's quote: "Despite his crowded daily schedule, the prophet interrupted other activities for secret liaisons with women and girls…."

Author's sources: *No source provided.

FAIR's Response

Fact checking results: This claim contains propaganda - The author, or the author's source, is providing information or ideas in a slanted way in order to instill a particular attitude or response in the reader

This is pure assumption by the author. He notes elsewhere that Joseph never even recorded anything about his plural marriages, much less anything about "secret liaisons with women and girls."

Womanizing & romance (edit)

• See also ch. Preface: x and xii
• See also ch. 1: 1, 21, 22, 31, 44, 49, and 54
• See also ch. 2a: 116
• See also ch. 3: 198, 227, and 237

• Criticism of Mormonism/Books/Loaded and prejudicial language

Response to claim: 55 - "Joseph "assured the women and their families that such unions were not only sanctioned but were demanded by heaven"

The author(s) of Nauvoo Polygamy make(s) the following claim:

The author notes that Joseph "assured the women and their families that such unions were not only sanctioned but were demanded by heaven and fulfilled the ethereal principle of 'restoration.'"

Author's sources: *No source provided.

FAIR's Response

Fact checking results: The author has stated erroneous information or misinterpreted their sources

The author does not tell us that Joseph had the women get their OWN witness. Women could and did turn Joseph down with no consequences.

• Criticism of Mormonism/Books/Loaded and prejudicial language

• Polygamy/Divine manifestations to plural wives and families
• Joseph Smith and polygamy/Did women turn Joseph down

Response to claim: 56 - "There may have been even more wives and plural children"

The author(s) of Nauvoo Polygamy make(s) the following claim:

The author assumes that "[t]here may have been even more wives and plural children."

Author's sources: *No source provided.

FAIR's Response

Fact checking results: This claim contains propaganda - The author, or the author's source, is providing information or ideas in a slanted way in order to instill a particular attitude or response in the reader

Anything might have happened. The author provides no evidence. This is the fallacy of probability.

Fallacy of probability (edit)

• See also ch. 2: 56
• See also ch. 2a: 111

Response to claim: 63 - "conjugal visits appear furtive and constantly shadowed by the threat of disclosure"

The author(s) of Nauvoo Polygamy make(s) the following claim:

 Author's quote: "As will be seen, conjugal visits appear furtive and constantly shadowed by the threat of disclosure."

Author's sources: *No source provided.

FAIR's Response

Fact checking results: This claim contains propaganda - The author, or the author's source, is providing information or ideas in a slanted way in order to instill a particular attitude or response in the reader

This is pure assumption on the part of the author—he provides no such evidence save his own repeated representation of the Whitney letter.

Whitney "love letter" (edit)

• See also ch. Preface: ix
• See also ch. 1: 31
• See also ch. 2: 53, 54, 63, and 65
• See also ch. 2a: 137, 138, 142, 142-143, 147, and 155
• See also ch. 3: 185, 190, 236a, 236c, and 366

Response to claim: 65 - "when Joseph requested that Sarah Ann Whitney visit him and ‘nock at the window,’ he reassured his new young wife that Emma would not be there"

The author(s) of Nauvoo Polygamy make(s) the following claim:

 Author's quote: “when Joseph requested that Sarah Ann Whitney visit him and ‘nock at the window,’ he reassured his new young wife that Emma would not be there, telegraphing his fear of discovery if Emma happened upon his trysts.”

Author's sources: *No citation given

FAIR's Response

Fact checking results: The author has stated erroneous information or misinterpreted their sources

The letter was addressed to Sarah's parents, not to Sarah.

•  Internal contradiction: p. 55: The invitation was to Sarah and her parents—[Joseph] "recommended his friend, whose seventeen-year-old daughter he had just married, should 'come a little a head, and nock…at the window.'"
• Criticism of Mormonism/Books/Contradictions
• Joseph Smith/Polygamy/Whitney letter
• Use of sources—Letter to Whitneys
• Criticism of Mormonism/Books/Loaded and prejudicial language
• Criticism of Mormonism/Books/Mind reading
• Criticism of Mormonism/Books/Romance
• Gregory L. Smith, A review of Nauvoo Polygamy:...but we called it celestial marriage by George D. Smith. FARMS Review, Vol. 20, Issue 2. (Detailed book review)

Whitney "love letter" (edit)

• See also ch. Preface: ix
• See also ch. 1: 31
• See also ch. 2: 53, 54, 63, and 65
• See also ch. 2a: 137, 138, 142, 142-143, 147, and 155
• See also ch. 3: 185, 190, 236a, 236c, and 366

Response to claim: 65 - "One of the instrumental people in the inauguration of plural marriage was John Bennett"

The author(s) of Nauvoo Polygamy make(s) the following claim:

The author claims that "[o]ne of the instrumental people in the inauguration of plural marriage was John [C.] Bennett…."

Author's sources: No sources provided

FAIR's Response

Fact checking results: This claim contains propaganda - The author, or the author's source, is providing information or ideas in a slanted way in order to instill a particular attitude or response in the reader

The is a huge assumption on the part of the author, presuming that Bennett's adulteries were ever sanctioned by Joseph, or had anything to do with plural marriage.

• John C. Bennett

John C. Bennett (edit)

• See also ch. 1: 5
• See also ch. 2: 65, 69, 70, 71, 72, and 73
• See also ch. 2a: 114, 119, 122, and 123-125
• See also ch. 3: 230
• See also ch. 4: 243, 274, and 309
• See also ch. 7: 429

Response to claim: 65 - John C. Bennett was Joseph Smith's "closest confident"

The author(s) of Nauvoo Polygamy make(s) the following claim:

The author notes that in 1841, John C. Bennett was Joseph Smith's "closest confident."  ^[ATTENTION!]

Author's sources: * No source provided.

FAIR's Response

Fact checking results: The author has stated erroneous information or misinterpreted their sources

The author ignores the fact that Joseph began to distrust Bennett for cause long before their public rupture.

• John C. Bennett

John C. Bennett (edit)

• See also ch. 1: 5
• See also ch. 2: 65, 69, 70, 71, 72, and 73
• See also ch. 2a: 114, 119, 122, and 123-125
• See also ch. 3: 230
• See also ch. 4: 243, 274, and 309
• See also ch. 7: 429

Response to claim: 65 - Joseph was "sharing power" with John C. Bennett

The author(s) of Nauvoo Polygamy make(s) the following claim:

It is claimed that Joseph was "sharing power" with Bennett.

Author's sources: *No source provided.

FAIR's Response

Fact checking results: The author has stated erroneous information or misinterpreted their sources

Bennett's power was mainly secular. He did little in the religious realm. Joseph had wanted to be relieved of temporal responsibilities, and Bennett was available.

• John C. Bennett

John C. Bennett (edit)

• See also ch. 1: 5
• See also ch. 2: 65, 69, 70, 71, 72, and 73
• See also ch. 2a: 114, 119, 122, and 123-125
• See also ch. 3: 230
• See also ch. 4: 243, 274, and 309
• See also ch. 7: 429

Response to claim: 65 - John C. Bennett spoke out against Joseph "and was soon stripped of his offices and titles"

The author(s) of Nauvoo Polygamy make(s) the following claim:

It is claimed that in 1842, John C. Bennett spoke out against Joseph "and was soon stripped of his offices and titles."

Author's sources: *No source provided.

FAIR's Response

Fact checking results: The author has stated erroneous information or misinterpreted their sources

Bennett was guilty of serial immoralities, and had been disciplined on multiple occasions. He only "spoke out" once he learned that he was to be stripped of membership in the Church. The author has cause and effect reversed, perhaps because he doesn't want us to know of the overwhelming evidence of Bennett's guilt.

• John C. Bennett

John C. Bennett (edit)

• See also ch. 1: 5
• See also ch. 2: 65, 69, 70, 71, 72, and 73
• See also ch. 2a: 114, 119, 122, and 123-125
• See also ch. 3: 230
• See also ch. 4: 243, 274, and 309
• See also ch. 7: 429

Response to claim: 65 - John C. Bennett and Joseph each "accused the other of immoral behavior"

The author(s) of Nauvoo Polygamy make(s) the following claim:

It is claimed that John C. Bennett and Joseph each "accused the other of immoral behavior."

Author's sources: *No source provided.

FAIR's Response

Fact checking results: The author has stated erroneous information or misinterpreted their sources

Bennett was accused by far more people, over a far greater length of time, of "immoral behavior." Many of his accusers were not LDS and had nothing to do with the Mormons. Bennett only began to accuse Joseph once his own crimes were repeatedly revealed.

• John C. Bennett

John C. Bennett (edit)

• See also ch. 1: 5
• See also ch. 2: 65, 69, 70, 71, 72, and 73
• See also ch. 2a: 114, 119, 122, and 123-125
• See also ch. 3: 230
• See also ch. 4: 243, 274, and 309
• See also ch. 7: 429

Response to claim: 65 - While some of John C. Bennett's claims "may have been exaggerations, much of what he reported can be confirmed by other eyewitness accounts"

The author(s) of Nauvoo Polygamy make(s) the following claim:

The author attempts to rehabilitate John C. Bennett by claiming: "While some of his claims may have been exaggerations, much of what he reported can be confirmed by other eyewitness accounts."

Author's sources: *No source provided.

FAIR's Response

Fact checking results: This claim contains propaganda - The author, or the author's source, is providing information or ideas in a slanted way in order to instill a particular attitude or response in the reader

Many of Bennett's claims are clearly false. The author uses Bennett uncritically, and naively. The things which Bennett can "confirm" are mostly things like names of people Joseph married. Bennett also clearly forged some material from others.

• John C. Bennett

John C. Bennett (edit)

• See also ch. 1: 5
• See also ch. 2: 65, 69, 70, 71, 72, and 73
• See also ch. 2a: 114, 119, 122, and 123-125
• See also ch. 3: 230
• See also ch. 4: 243, 274, and 309
• See also ch. 7: 429

Response to claim: 65 - John C. Bennett "cannot be merely dismissed as an unfriendly source who fabricated scandal"

The author(s) of Nauvoo Polygamy make(s) the following claim:

Yet more attempt to make Bennett a credible witness: "Even though his statements must be weighed critically, he cannot be merely dismissed as an unfriendly source who fabricated scandal."

Author's sources: *Author's opinion.

FAIR's Response

Fact checking results: This claim contains propaganda - The author, or the author's source, is providing information or ideas in a slanted way in order to instill a particular attitude or response in the reader

The author never does this weighing for us. Much of what Bennett writes, after analysis, must be dismissed as fabrication or exaggeration, however. Even anti-Mormon authors warned of Bennett's problems:

"There is, no doubt, much truth in Bennett's book…but no statement that he makes can be received with confidence." ^[9]

• John C. Bennett

John C. Bennett (edit)

• See also ch. 1: 5
• See also ch. 2: 65, 69, 70, 71, 72, and 73
• See also ch. 2a: 114, 119, 122, and 123-125
• See also ch. 3: 230
• See also ch. 4: 243, 274, and 309
• See also ch. 7: 429

Response to claim: 65 - John C. Bennett "had an ambitious but colorful background"

The author(s) of Nauvoo Polygamy make(s) the following claim:

The author claims that "Bennett had an ambitious but colorful background."

Author's sources: *No source provided

FAIR's Response

Fact checking results: This claim contains propaganda - The author, or the author's source, is providing information or ideas in a slanted way in order to instill a particular attitude or response in the reader

This hides a mountain of evidence about Bennett's pre-LDS behavior, including:

• repeatedly using others' names to fraudulently support the establishment of medical colleges
• selling bogus medical diplomas
• selling bogus diplomas in other fields (e.g., law)
• lying and misrepresentation
• serial adulteries and infidelities
• abandonment of wife and children

• John C. Bennett

John C. Bennett (edit)

• See also ch. 1: 5
• See also ch. 2: 65, 69, 70, 71, 72, and 73
• See also ch. 2a: 114, 119, 122, and 123-125
• See also ch. 3: 230
• See also ch. 4: 243, 274, and 309
• See also ch. 7: 429

Response to claim: 66-67 - John C. Bennett "was well positioned to know all about any behind-the-scenes transactions"

The author(s) of Nauvoo Polygamy make(s) the following claim:

 Author's quote: "Writing on March 23, 1846, Bennett claimed to have known 'Joseph better than any other man living for at least fourteen months!'….Bennett was well positioned to know all about any behind-the-scenes transactions.

Author's sources: *Smith, Saintly Scoundrel, 56.

FAIR's Response

Fact checking results: This claim contains propaganda - The author, or the author's source, is providing information or ideas in a slanted way in order to instill a particular attitude or response in the reader

The author here accepts Bennett uncritically. Despite his claim, he was never part of the inner circle which received the highest temple ordinances introduced by Joseph. Bennett and Rigdon "were conspicuously absent" when Joseph Smith spoke to those who would be among the first to receive the full endowment necessary "to finish their work and prevent imposition" by Satan. Bennett had secular influence, but relatively little to do with religious matters in Nauvoo:

"Thus, the considerable embarrassment to Joseph Smith and Mormonism which some have inferred from Bennett's alleged duping of the Mormons is cast in a new light because Bennett himself so effectively refutes his own claim that he was a close confidant of Joseph Smith. Unwittingly, Bennett indisputably demonstrates that he was neither directly involved with the endowment, eternal marriage, nor plural marriage—the most significant private theological developments during Bennett's stay in Nauvoo. ^[10]

• John C. Bennett

John C. Bennett (edit)

• See also ch. 1: 5
• See also ch. 2: 65, 69, 70, 71, 72, and 73
• See also ch. 2a: 114, 119, 122, and 123-125
• See also ch. 3: 230
• See also ch. 4: 243, 274, and 309
• See also ch. 7: 429

Response to claim: 68 - Joseph is merely “feigning impartiality” before going on to practice “undemocratic block voting"

The author(s) of Nauvoo Polygamy make(s) the following claim:

The author claims that Joseph is merely “feigning impartiality” before going on to practice “undemocratic block voting.”

Author's sources: *No source provided.

FAIR's Response

Fact checking results: The author has stated erroneous information or misinterpreted their sources

Block voting is not undemocratic—many interest groups vote en masse for candidates which will meet their needs. Joseph was not feigning when he said, "We care not a fig for a Whig or Democrat….We shall go for our friends." (p. 68) He was indicating that party made no difference to the Saints; what mattered is who would agree to defend them.

• Criticism of Mormonism/Books/Loaded and prejudicial language

Bloc voting (edit)

• See also ch. 1: 2
• See also ch. 2: 68
• See also ch. 4: 292–293

See NOTE on bloc voting

Response to claim: 69 - Joseph was apparently "undeterred" by reports of a negative assessment of Bennett

The author(s) of Nauvoo Polygamy make(s) the following claim:

The author notes that Joseph was apparently "undeterred" by reports of a negative assessment of Bennett, and proceeded to name him Assistant President of the Church.

Author's sources: * No source provided.

FAIR's Response

Fact checking results: This claim is based upon correct information - The author is providing knowledge concerning some particular fact, subject, or event

Joseph knew from personal experience that "it is no uncommon thing for good men to be evil spoken against," and did nothing precipitous. The accusations against Bennett gained credence when Joseph learned of his attempts to persuade a young woman "that he intended to marry her." Joseph dispatched Hyrum Smith and William Law to make inquiries, and in early July 1841 he learned that Bennett had a wife and children living in the east. Non-LDS sources confirmed Bennett's infidelity: one noted that he "heard it from almost every person in town that [his wife] left him in consequence of his ill treatment of her home and his intimacy with other women." Another source reported that Bennett's wife "declared that she could no longer live with him…it would be the seventh family that he had parted during their union."

</blockquote>

• John C. Bennett

John C. Bennett (edit)

• See also ch. 1: 5
• See also ch. 2: 65, 69, 70, 71, 72, and 73
• See also ch. 2a: 114, 119, 122, and 123-125
• See also ch. 3: 230
• See also ch. 4: 243, 274, and 309
• See also ch. 7: 429

Response to claim: 69 - John C. Bennett was Assistant President of the Church

The author(s) of Nauvoo Polygamy make(s) the following claim:

It is noted that John C. Bennett was Assistant President of the Church.

Author's sources: *No source provided.

FAIR's Response

Fact checking results: This claim is based upon correct information - The author is providing knowledge concerning some particular fact, subject, or event

Sidney Rigdon, a counselor in the First Presidency, was frequently ill. On April 8, "John C. Bennett was presented, with the First Presidency, as Assistant President until President Rigdon's health should be restored." Modern readers should be cautious in projecting the role of the current First Presidency on Joseph's day. In the modern Church, the First Presidency is almost always composed of two apostles who have extensive experience in ecclesiastical affairs called to serve with the President. In Joseph's day, this was not the case. Most of Joseph's counselors in the First Presidency were to betray his trust, including Jesse Gause, Frederick G. Williams, Sidney Rigdon, William Law and John C. Bennett. While some of these counselors received keys, Bennett did not. None were apostles prior to their call.

• John C. Bennett
• Criticism of Mormonism/Books/Presentism

John C. Bennett (edit)

• See also ch. 1: 5
• See also ch. 2: 65, 69, 70, 71, 72, and 73
• See also ch. 2a: 114, 119, 122, and 123-125
• See also ch. 3: 230
• See also ch. 4: 243, 274, and 309
• See also ch. 7: 429

Response to claim: 69 - John C. Bennett had religious influence by being Assistant President of the Church

The author(s) of Nauvoo Polygamy make(s) the following claim:

It is claimed that John C. Bennett had religious influence by being Assistant President of the Church.

Author's sources: *No source provided.

FAIR's Response

Fact checking results: The author has stated erroneous information or misinterpreted their sources

[This is not stated baldly, but some readers might be confused.] With few exceptions, Bennett "played little role in church conferences. There might have been an unofficial division of labor between Bennett and Smith. Smith handled church affairs; Bennett took the lead in secular matters."

• John C. Bennett

John C. Bennett (edit)

• See also ch. 1: 5
• See also ch. 2: 65, 69, 70, 71, 72, and 73
• See also ch. 2a: 114, 119, 122, and 123-125
• See also ch. 3: 230
• See also ch. 4: 243, 274, and 309
• See also ch. 7: 429

Response to claim: 70 - Joseph Smith and John C. Bennett remained confidants until about March the next year (1842)

The author(s) of Nauvoo Polygamy make(s) the following claim:

The author claims that Joseph Smith and John C. Bennett remained confidants until about March the next year (1842).

Author's sources: *No source provided.

FAIR's Response

Fact checking results: The author has stated erroneous information or misinterpreted their sources

Bennett was confronted with the charges mentioned above in the summer of 1841. When confronted with these charges, Bennett broke down and confessed. Emma's nephew, Lorenzo D. Wasson, claimed to have been upstairs and heard Joseph "give J. C. Bennett a tremendous flagellation for practicing iniquity under the base pretence of authority from the heads of the church." Claiming to be mortified at the idea of public censure, Bennett took poison in a suicide gesture, but recovered.

• John C. Bennett

John C. Bennett (edit)

• See also ch. 1: 5
• See also ch. 2: 65, 69, 70, 71, 72, and 73
• See also ch. 2a: 114, 119, 122, and 123-125
• See also ch. 3: 230
• See also ch. 4: 243, 274, and 309
• See also ch. 7: 429

Response to claim: 70 - There seemed to be "no office or honor within reach" that Joseph Smith "did not hasten to grant to" John C. Bennett

The author(s) of Nauvoo Polygamy make(s) the following claim:

It is claimed that there seemed to be "no office or honor within reach that Smith did not hasten to grant to Bennett."

Author's sources: *No source provided.

FAIR's Response

Fact checking results: This claim is false

This is false: Bennett was never inducted into the "Quorum of the Anointed"—those who were receiving the temple endowment from Joseph (see above, 66-67). He was also never made an apostle.

• John C. Bennett

John C. Bennett (edit)

• See also ch. 1: 5
• See also ch. 2: 65, 69, 70, 71, 72, and 73
• See also ch. 2a: 114, 119, 122, and 123-125
• See also ch. 3: 230
• See also ch. 4: 243, 274, and 309
• See also ch. 7: 429

Response to claim: 70 - "Zina Huntington, who married Henry Jacobs instead but then reconsidered seven months later in response to Joseph's restated interest"

The author(s) of Nauvoo Polygamy make(s) the following claim:

 Author's quote: "Zina Huntington, who married Henry Jacobs instead but then reconsidered seven months later in response to Joseph's restated interest."

Author's sources: *No source provide

FAIR's Response

Fact checking results: This claim is based upon correct information - The author is providing knowledge concerning some particular fact, subject, or event

Zina said the Lord told her what to do.

• Zina and Henry Jacobs
• Joseph Smith/Polygamy/Polyandry
• Full details: Wyatt, "Zina and Her Men.".

Response to claim: 70-71 - "Joseph soon after married Zina's sister, Presendia, who was also already married"==

The author(s) of Nauvoo Polygamy make(s) the following claim:

 Author's quote: "Seemingly impatient, Joseph soon after married Zina's sister, Presendia, who was also already married."

Author's sources: No source provided.

FAIR's Response

• Criticism of Mormonism/Books/Mind reading
• Full details: Wyatt, "Zina and Her Men."

Question: What did the husband of Presendia L. Huntington know about her sealing to Joseph Smith for eternity?

Presendia's husband Norman left the Church, and since she was unable to be sealed for eternity to her earthly husband, she was sealed to Joseph Smith instead

Presendia Huntington was married to Norman Buell when she was sixteen years old. Both Presendia and Norman originally joined the Church, but Norman later left it while Presendia remained a believing member. Since she was unable to be sealed for eternity to her earthly husband, she was sealed to Joseph Smith instead. Presendia's 1881 biography notes her husband's rejection of the Church as the reason she decided to be sealed to Joseph Smith for eternity,

I was maried to Norman Buell Jan 6th 1827. both joined the Church in in [sic] Kirtland Geauga Co Ohio he left the church in Mo in 1839 the Lord gave me strength to stand alone & keep the faith amid heavy persecution in 1841 I entered into the new & everlasting Covenant was sealed to Joseph Smith the Prophet & Seer & to the best of my ability I have honored Plural Marriage never speking one word against the principal. ^[11]

An affidavit signed by Presendia on May 1, 1869 states:

Be it remembered that on this first day of May A.D. 1869 personally appeared before me Elias Smith Probate Judge for Said County Presenda Lathrop Huntington \Kimball/ who was by me Sworn in due form of law and upon her oath saith, that on the eleventh day of December A.D. 1841, at the City of Nauvoo, County of Hancock State of Illinois, She was married or Sealed to Joseph Smith, President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints by Dimick B. Huntington, a High-Priest in Said Church, according to the laws of the Same regulating Marriage; in the presence of Fanny Maria Huntington. ^[12]

A biography of Presendia L. Huntington may be viewed on Brian and Laura Hales' website "josephsmithspolygamy.org". off-site

Response to claim: 71 - "Bennett alleged that during the summer and fall of 1841, Smith made unsuccessful advances toward Apostle Orson Pratt's wife, Sarah"

The author(s) of Nauvoo Polygamy make(s) the following claim:

The author notes that "Bennett alleged that during the summer and fall of 1841, Smith made unsuccessful advances toward Apostle Orson Pratt's wife, Sarah."

Author's sources: *No source provided.

FAIR's Response

Fact checking results: The author has stated erroneous information or misinterpreted their sources

The author does not tell us that Sarah and Bennett were probably having an affair, as witnessed by LDS and non-LDS witnesses, and a plausible time-line.

• John C. Bennett

John C. Bennett (edit)

• See also ch. 1: 5
• See also ch. 2: 65, 69, 70, 71, 72, and 73
• See also ch. 2a: 114, 119, 122, and 123-125
• See also ch. 3: 230
• See also ch. 4: 243, 274, and 309
• See also ch. 7: 429

Response to claim: 72 - Orson Pratt eventually accepted Joseph's explanation "that he merely wanted to test Sarah's obedience, and was not seriously courting this married woman"

The author(s) of Nauvoo Polygamy make(s) the following claim:

The author notes that Orson Pratt eventually accepted Joseph's explanation "that he merely wanted to test Sarah's obedience, and was not seriously courting this married woman."

Author's sources: *No source provided.

FAIR's Response

Fact checking results: The author has stated erroneous information or misinterpreted their sources

The author does not tell us that Orson eventually believed Sarah and Bennett had misled him, saying he was first informed by "a wicked source, from those disaffected, but as soon as he learned the truth he was satisfied." ^[13] He presents no evidence for what explanation Joseph gave Orson, or what Orson believed.

• John C. Bennett

Response to claim: 72 - "Meanwhile, Bennett seems to have followed his leader in courting several women himself"

The author(s) of Nauvoo Polygamy make(s) the following claim:

 Author's quote: "Meanwhile, Bennett seems to have followed his leader in courting several women himself."

Author's sources: * No source provided

FAIR's Response

Fact checking results: This claim contains propaganda - The author, or the author's source, is providing information or ideas in a slanted way in order to instill a particular attitude or response in the reader

The author is here presuming that Bennett imitated Joseph. Bennett was also involved in operating a prostitution ring and house of ill repute in Nauvoo. ^[14]

• John C. Bennett

John C. Bennett (edit)

• See also ch. 1: 5
• See also ch. 2: 65, 69, 70, 71, 72, and 73
• See also ch. 2a: 114, 119, 122, and 123-125
• See also ch. 3: 230
• See also ch. 4: 243, 274, and 309
• See also ch. 7: 429

Response to claim: 72 - John C. Bennett resigned from the church on May 17, 1842

The author(s) of Nauvoo Polygamy make(s) the following claim:

The author claims that John C. Bennett resigned from the church on May 17, 1842.

Author's sources: * Andrew Smith, Saintly Scoundrel, 86–89. (Note that The author does not properly represent the source's contents.)

FAIR's Response

Fact checking results: The author has stated erroneous information or misinterpreted their sources

In fact, Bennett was forced to resign by Joseph, who wrote to the Church recorder: "be so good as to permit Bennett to withdraw his name from the Church record, if he desires to do so, and this with the best of feelings towards…General Bennett." ^[15]

• John C. Bennett

John C. Bennett (edit)

• See also ch. 1: 5
• See also ch. 2: 65, 69, 70, 71, 72, and 73
• See also ch. 2a: 114, 119, 122, and 123-125
• See also ch. 3: 230
• See also ch. 4: 243, 274, and 309
• See also ch. 7: 429

Response to claim: 72 - John C. Bennett was excommunicated from the Church in "retaliation"

The author(s) of Nauvoo Polygamy make(s) the following claim:

It is claimed that Bennett was excommunicated from the Church in "retaliation."

Author's sources:

1. Andrew Smith, Saintly Scoundrel, 86–89.

FAIR's Response

Fact checking results: The author has stated erroneous information or misinterpreted their sources

This was not in retaliation, since Joseph had pushed for Bennett's resignation. A high council trial of Chauncey Higbee concluded on May 24, at which it became clear that Higbee had been seducing women under Bennett's direction. Bennett was told that his withdrawal from the Church would be made public. Bennett once more begged for mercy, claiming that public exposure would distress his mother. ^[16] Joseph again deferred a public announcement, and Bennett would soon also make confession to the Nauvoo Masonic Lodge. Weeping, Bennett pleaded for leniency, with Joseph as his advocate. ^[17] Even Joseph's patience had an end, however. It soon became clear that still other members had used Bennett's arguments to seduce women—his excommunication was made public on 15 June. The Masonic Lodge published Bennett's crimes the next day. ^[18] His Nauvoo reputation in tatters, Bennett left and began plotting his revenge.

• John C. Bennett

John C. Bennett (edit)

• See also ch. 1: 5
• See also ch. 2: 65, 69, 70, 71, 72, and 73
• See also ch. 2a: 114, 119, 122, and 123-125
• See also ch. 3: 230
• See also ch. 4: 243, 274, and 309
• See also ch. 7: 429

Response to claim: 72 - John C. Bennett claimed that his excommunication was postdated to May 11 to appear that it had occurred before his resignation

The author(s) of Nauvoo Polygamy make(s) the following claim:

John C. Bennett claimed that his excommunication was postdated to May 11 to appear that it had occurred before his resignation.

Author's sources: *Andrew Smith, Saintly Scoundrel, 86–89.

FAIR's Response

• See also ch. 2a: 119

Fact checking results: The author has stated erroneous information or misinterpreted their sources

(The author later acts as if this claim of Bennett's is established fact.)

• The author mischaracterizes his source, and does not tell us that Bennett's claim was false. Bennett's biographer wrote:

"On May 11 Smith and several others signed a statement to disfellowship Bennett….

"According to Bennett, three of the signatories were not in Nauvoo on that date….

"[However] William Law, one of the signatories…testified that he signed it on the evening of May 11. Some four or five days later Law had a conversation with Bennett 'and intimated to him that such a thing was concluded upon.'…The best explanation for this matter is that Joseph Smith had the disfellowship document drawn up on May 11 Those who were in Nauvoo were asked to sign it….As others returned to the city, they added their names." (Andrew Smith, Saintly Scoundrel, 86, 100).

• John C. Bennett

John C. Bennett (edit)

• See also ch. 1: 5
• See also ch. 2: 65, 69, 70, 71, 72, and 73
• See also ch. 2a: 114, 119, 122, and 123-125
• See also ch. 3: 230
• See also ch. 4: 243, 274, and 309
• See also ch. 7: 429

Response to claim: 73 - "It is entirely plausible that Bennett was then privy to Smith's domestic matters"

The author(s) of Nauvoo Polygamy make(s) the following claim:

 Author's quote: "It is entirely plausible that Bennett was then privy to Smith's domestic matters."

Author's sources: *No source provided.

FAIR's Response

Fact checking results: This claim contains propaganda - The author, or the author's source, is providing information or ideas in a slanted way in order to instill a particular attitude or response in the reader

The author wants to rehabilitate Bennett as a source, while glossing over the problems.

John C. Bennett (edit)

• See also ch. 1: 5
• See also ch. 2: 65, 69, 70, 71, 72, and 73
• See also ch. 2a: 114, 119, 122, and 123-125
• See also ch. 3: 230
• See also ch. 4: 243, 274, and 309
• See also ch. 7: 429

Response to claim: 73 - "In the spring of 1842, the two men quarreled and Smith had Bennett excommunicated"

The author(s) of Nauvoo Polygamy make(s) the following claim:

The author notes that "[i]n the spring of 1842, the two men quarreled and Smith had Bennett excommunicated…."

Author's sources: *No source provided.

FAIR's Response

Fact checking results: The author has stated erroneous information or misinterpreted their sources

Joseph and Bennett did not "quarrel"—evidence of further seduction and infidelity by Bennett came to light. Bennett was given the chance to resign, and did so. Further disclosure to the high council led to Bennett's exposure and excommunication.

• John C. Bennett

John C. Bennett (edit)

• See also ch. 1: 5
• See also ch. 2: 65, 69, 70, 71, 72, and 73
• See also ch. 2a: 114, 119, 122, and 123-125
• See also ch. 3: 230
• See also ch. 4: 243, 274, and 309
• See also ch. 7: 429

Response to claim: 75 - Zina and Henry Jacobs "were apparently willing to let the prophet insinuate himself into their marriage"

The author(s) of Nauvoo Polygamy make(s) the following claim:

Zina and Henry Jacobs "were apparently willing to let the prophet insinuate himself into their marriage."

Author's sources: *No source provided.

FAIR's Response

Fact checking results: This claim contains propaganda - The author, or the author's source, is providing information or ideas in a slanted way in order to instill a particular attitude or response in the reader

•  Internal contradiction: compare p. 81
• Criticism of Mormonism/Books/Loaded and prejudicial language
• Full details: Wyatt, "Zina and Her Men."

Response to claim: 75 - "In the context of having just married a pregnant wife" Joseph's "words acquire added meaning: 'If you will not accuse me, I will not accuse you….'"

The author(s) of Nauvoo Polygamy make(s) the following claim:

 Author's quote: "In the context of having just married a pregnant wife, [Joseph's] words acquire added meaning: 'If you will not accuse me, I will not accuse you….'"

Author's sources: *History of the Church 4:445.

FAIR's Response

Fact checking results: This claim contains propaganda - The author, or the author's source, is providing information or ideas in a slanted way in order to instill a particular attitude or response in the reader

The author implies that sexuality was involved in this polyandrous marriage. He tries to prejudice the reader by pointing out that Zina was pregnant when she and Henry approved her sealing to Joseph.

• Full details: Wyatt, "Zina and Her Men."

Response to claim: 75 - Joseph's diary and the History of the Church do not "give any hint of conjugal contacts Smith might have had with this wife"

The author(s) of Nauvoo Polygamy make(s) the following claim:

It is noted that Joseph's diary and the History of the Church do not "give any hint of conjugal contacts Smith might have had with this wife."

FAIR's Response

Fact checking results: This claim contains propaganda - The author, or the author's source, is providing information or ideas in a slanted way in order to instill a particular attitude or response in the reader

There is no evidence anywhere for any conjungal contact. The author has repeatedly mentioned that a given event is not recorded in the History of the Church, and so can here imply that there might be evidence of "conjugal contacts," but the Smith diary and History are hiding it. There is no evidence, period.

• Church history/Censorship and revision
• Criticism of Mormonism/Books/Censorship

Censorship of Church History (edit)

• See also ch. Preface: xiii, xiii-xiv, and xv
• See also ch. 1: 5
• See also ch. 2: 57 and 75
• See also ch. 2a: 88, 103, 119, 137, and 185
• See also ch. 4: 289
• See also ch. 6: 356
• See also ch. 8: 453 and 473

Response to claim: 77 - "Even though Zina was pregnant with Henry's child when she married Joseph...she and her children would be Joseph's 'eternal possessions,' unconnected to Henry"

The author(s) of Nauvoo Polygamy make(s) the following claim:

 Author's quote: "Even though Zina was pregnant with Henry's child when she married Joseph, the theology of 'sealing' meant that in the next life she and her children would be Joseph's 'eternal possessions,' unconnected to Henry."

Author's sources: *No source provided.

FAIR's Response

Fact checking results: This claim contains propaganda - The author, or the author's source, is providing information or ideas in a slanted way in order to instill a particular attitude or response in the reader

The author gives no evidence for this. It may be that some early sealings (especially polyandrous ones) were intended to bind families to each and Joseph in salvation in the next world. The image which this gives of Joseph "taking away" Henry's children is inflammatory and probably misleading.

• Polygamy/The Law of Adoption
• Full details: Wyatt, "Zina and Her Men."

Sealing takes away families? (edit)

• See also ch. 2: 77
• See also ch. 3: 234

Response to claim: 77 - Brigham Young advised Henry Jacobs "to find a wife who could be his eternal partner"

The author(s) of Nauvoo Polygamy make(s) the following claim:

The author claims that "[s]ome sources say [Brigham] Young advised [Henry Jacobs] to find a wife who could be his eternal partner."

FAIR's Response

Fact checking results: This claim contains propaganda - The author, or the author's source, is providing information or ideas in a slanted way in order to instill a particular attitude or response in the reader

This from a single source (not "sources") and comes from a virulently anti-Mormon work, William Hall, Abominations of Mormonism Exposed (Cincinnati: I. Hart & Co., 1852), 43–44. Besides being hostile, this source has numerous problems which make it implausible.

• Full details: Wyatt, "Zina and Her Men."

}}

Response to claim: 78 - Brigham Young said that "if a woman can find a man holding the keys of the priesthood with higher power and authority than her husband, and he is disposed to take her"

The author(s) of Nauvoo Polygamy make(s) the following claim:

Brigham Young said that "if a woman can find a man holding the keys of the priesthood with higher power and authority than her husband, and he is disposed to take her, he can do so, otherwise she has got to remain where she is. In either of these ways of sep[a]ration, you can discover, there is no need for a bill of divorcement."

Author's sources:

1. Brigham Young, "A few words of Doctrine," Oct 8, 1861, LDS Archives.

FAIR's Response

Fact checking results: The author has stated erroneous information or misinterpreted their sources

The author omits key parts of Brigham's recorded discourse: "…if a man magnifies his priesthood, observing faithfully his covenants to the end of his life, all the wives and children sealed to him, all the blessings and honors promised to him in his ordinations and sealing blessings are immutably and eternally fixed; no power can wrench them from his possession. You may inquire, in case a wife becomes disaffected with her husband, her affections lost, she becomes alienated from him and wishes to be the wife of another, can she not leave him? I know of no law in heaven or on earth by which she can be made free while her husband remains faithful and magnifies his priesthood before God and he is not disposed to put her away, she having done nothing worthy of being put away."

• Brigham Young 8 October 1861 discourse on plural marriage
• Full details: Wyatt, "Zina and Her Men."

Brigham Young's 8 October 1861 talk (edit)

• See also ch. 2: 78
• See also ch. 8: 541

Response to claim: 79 - Presendia Buell is claimed to have "displayed an affinity for mystical religious experiences as one of the women who began speaking and singing in tongues"

The author(s) of Nauvoo Polygamy make(s) the following claim:

Presendia Buell is claimed to have "displayed an affinity for mystical religious experiences as one of the women who began speaking and singing in tongues…."

Author's sources: *No source provided.

FAIR's Response

Fact checking results: The author has stated erroneous information or misinterpreted their sources

Speaking in tongues is not a form of "mysticism." This characterization is inaccurate, alienating, and prejudicial.

• Criticism of Mormonism/Books/Loaded and prejudicial language

Presendia Buell (edit)

• See also ch. 2: 79 and 80 n. 63
• See also ch. 2a: 131-132

Response to claim: 79 - Presendia Buell "did not take the prophet's advice" to leave for Illinois while he was in Liberty Jail "prior to his escape from jail on April 16. Nine months later, on January 31, 1841, she gave birth to a son Oliver"

The author(s) of Nauvoo Polygamy make(s) the following claim:

It is claimed that Presendia Buell "did not take the prophet's advice [to leave for Illinois while he was in Liberty Jail] prior to his escape from jail on April 16. Nine months later, on January 31, 1841, she gave birth to a son Oliver. Later that year [she went to Illinois]….."

Author's sources: Presendia Buell (edit)

• See also ch. 2: 79 and 80 n. 63
• See also ch. 2a: 131-132

FAIR's Response

{{propaganda|The main text clearly implies that Joseph was the father of Prescendia's son Norman. Else, why mention that "nine months later" she had a child, with no further comment? The author disguises the fact that DNA evidence has proved that Oliver was not Joseph's son.

• Joseph Smith/Polygamy/Children of polygamous marriages
• Gregory L. Smith, A review of Nauvoo Polygamy:...but we called it celestial marriage by George D. Smith. FARMS Review, Vol. 20, Issue 2. (Detailed book review)

Response to claim: 80 n. 63 - "There is no DNA connection" between Joseph Smith and Oliver Buell

The author(s) of Nauvoo Polygamy make(s) the following claim:

"….There is no DNA connection (Carrie A. Moore, “DNA tests rule out 2 as Smith descendants: scientific advances prove no genetic link,” Deseret Morning News, 10 November 2007). Compton finds it "unlikely, though not impossible, that Joseph Smith was the actual father" of John Hiram, born November 1843; Presendia's last child during her marriage to Norman Buell. (Sacred Loneliness, 124, 670–71)."

FAIR's Response

Fact checking results: This claim is false

The author makes no mention in the main text that Oliver’s paternity has been definitively ruled out by DNA testing. What is the point of the long discussion about the possibility of Oliver being Joseph's son, when we know that he can't be?

• Children by Presendia Buell?
• Gregory L. Smith, A review of Nauvoo Polygamy:...but we called it celestial marriage by George D. Smith. FARMS Review, Vol. 20, Issue 2. (Detailed book review)

Presendia Buell (edit)

• See also ch. 2: 79 and 80 n. 63
• See also ch. 2a: 131-132

Notes

1. ↑ Michael Marquardt, 1973 pamphlet "The Strange Marriages of Sarah Ann Whitney to Joseph Smith the Mormon Prophet, Joseph C. Kingsbury, and Heber C. Kimball," George Albert Smith Family Papers, Manuscript 36, Box 1, Early Smith Documents, 1731-1849, Folder 18, in the Special Collections, Western Americana, Marriott Library, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (source). The original is in the Church Archives.
2. ↑ Dean C. Jessee, The Personal Writings of Joseph Smith, [original edition] (Salt Lake City, Utah: Deseret Book, 1984), 539–540. ISBN 0877479747. GL direct link
3. ↑ Todd Compton, In Sacred Loneliness: The Plural Wives of Joseph Smith (Salt Lake City: Signature Books, 1997), 350. ( Index of claims )
4. ↑ Todd Compton, In Sacred Loneliness: The Plural Wives of Joseph Smith (Salt Lake City: Signature Books, 1997), 349. ( Index of claims )
5. ↑ Richard L. Bushman, Joseph Smith: Rough Stone Rolling (New York: Knopf, 2005), 473.
6. ↑ Todd Compton, In Sacred Loneliness: The Plural Wives of Joseph Smith (Salt Lake City: Signature Books, 1997), 350. ( Index of claims )
7. ↑ Richard L. Bushman, Joseph Smith: Rough Stone Rolling (New York: Knopf, 2005), 473.
8. ↑ Richard L. Bushman, Joseph Smith: Rough Stone Rolling (New York: Knopf, 2005), 473.
9. ↑ T. B. H. Stenhouse, The Rocky Mountain Saints : A Full and Complete History of the Mormons.... (New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1878 [1873]), 184 note.
10. ↑ Andrew F. Ehat, "Joseph Smith's Introduction of Temple Ordinances and the 1844 Mormon Succession Question," (Master's Thesis, Brigham Young University, 1981), 40.
11. ↑ Presenda Huntington Kimball, “Biographical Sketch,” 1881, MS 742, CHL, first copy page 2 and variant copy page 2. off-site
12. ↑ Joseph F. Smith affidavit books, CHL 1:7. off-site
13. ↑ George L. Mitton and Rhett S. James, "A Response to D. Michael Quinn's Homosexual Distortion of Latter-Day Saint History," FARMS Review of Books 10/1 (1998): footnote 70, citing T. Edgar Lyon, "Orson Pratt—Early Mormon Leader," (M.A. diss., University of Chicago, 1932), 31. See also Millennial Star 40 (16 December 1878): 788.
14. ↑ ^{[citation needed]}
15. ↑ Bennett, History of the Saints, 40–41.
16. ↑ Joseph Smith, History of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 7 volumes, edited by Brigham H. Roberts, (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 1957). Volume 5 link
17. ↑ Smith, History of the Church, 5:18 (26 May 1842).
18. ↑ Richard L. Bushman, Joseph Smith: Rough Stone Rolling (New York: Knopf, 2005), 461.; see Times and Seasons 3/15 (15 June 1842): 830; Smith, History of the Church, 5:32.