Mostrar código-fonte de Pergunta: Foi Ezra Booth ordenou a tomar uma esposa entre os índios?

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==Question: Was Ezra Booth commanded to take a wife from among the Indians?==
===The only contemporary report of a possible revelation on marriage with the Indians was written in a letter to the ''Ohio Star'' on 8 December, 1831 by Ezra Booth===

The only contemporary report of a possible revelation on marriage with the Indians was written in a letter to the ''Ohio Star'' on 8 December, 1831 by Ezra Booth, who had apostatized from the Church.<ref>Ezra Booth letter, ''Ohio Star'' (Ravenna, Ohio), 8 December 1831.</ref> This letter was republished in Eber D. Howe's anti-Mormon book ''Mormonism Unvailed''. Booth states that,

<blockquote>
...it has been made known by revelation, that it will be pleasing to the Lord, should they form a matrimonial alliance with the natives; and by this means the Elders, who comply with the thing so pleasing to the Lord, and for which the Lord has promised to bless those who do it abundantly, gain a residence in the Indian territory, independent of the agent....<ref>{{CriticalWork:Howe:Mormonism Unvailed|pages=220}}</ref>
</blockquote>

===Booth makes no mention of polygamy, and instead implies that the "matrimonial alliance" was for the purpose of gaining "residence" in the Indian territory===

Booth makes no mention of polygamy, and instead implies that the "matrimonial alliance" was for the purpose of gaining "residence" in the Indian territory.<ref>{{Dialogue | author=David Whittaker| article=Mormons and Native Americans: A Historical and Bibliographical Introduction|vol=18|num=4|date=Winter 1985|start=33|end=60 }}{{link|url=http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/dialogue&CISOPTR=23069&CISOSHOW=22861}}</ref>  One would think that if Booth, given his opposition to the Church at the time, had been aware of something as controversial as a proposal that polygamy be instituted among the Indians, that he would have been highly motivated to proclaim this in a public forum. In fact, Booth actually states that in order to marry one of the natives, that one elder needed to be "free from his wife." Booth does go on to say:

<blockquote>
...It has been made known to one, who has left his wife in the State of New York, that he is entirely free from his wife, and he is at pleasure to take him a wife from among the Lamanites. It was easily perceived that this permission was perfectly suited to his desires.  I have frequently heard him state that '''the Lord had made it known to him, that he is as free from his wife as from any other woman'''; and the only crime I have ever heard alleged against her is, she is violently opposed to Mormonism. But '''before this contemplated marriage can be carried into effect, he must return to the State of New York and settle his business''', for fear, should he return after that affair had taken place, the civil authority would apprehend him as a criminal {{ea}}.<ref>{{CriticalWork:Howe:Mormonism Unvailed|pages=220}}</ref>
</blockquote>

This quote implies that it was not to be a polygamous union.

===It was always implied that the process of becoming "white and delightsome" was to be achieved through the power of God&mdash;not through intermarriage===

There are quotes from Church leaders indicating that they believed that the Indians were becoming "white and delightsome." However, it was always implied that the process of becoming "white and delightsome" was to be achieved through the power of God&mdash;not through intermarriage. Critics cite a statement made by Spencer W. Kimball in the October 1960 General Conference, 15 years before he became president of the Church:

:I saw a striking contrast in the progress of the Indian people today ... they are fast becoming a white and delightsome people.... For years they have been growing delightsome, and they are now becoming white and delightsome, as they were promised.... The children in the home placement program in Utah are often lighter than their brothers and sisters in the hogans on the reservation.<ref>{{IE|author=Spencer W. Kimbal|date=December 1960|pages=922-23}}</ref>

Although this is an interesting statement by President Kimball, it has nothing whatsoever to do with polygamy or intermarriage with the Indians. It is simply President Kimball’s own observation that he felt that the Indians were becoming a “white and delightsome” people through the power of God.  Then-Elder Kimball was likely unaware that Joseph Smith had edited the Book of Mormon text in 1837 to say "pure and delightsome," possibly to counter the idea that the change referred to was predominantly physical, rather than spiritual.  This change was lost in future LDS versions of the Book of Mormon until 1981. 

===There is no evidence that the instructions contained in the revelation regarding intermarriage with the Native Americans were actually implemented===

There is no contemporary evidence, other than that provided by Booth, that anyone was even aware of the revelation at the time that it was supposed to have been given. The only evidence that a revelation was even given is the 1861 document by W. W. Phelps, which he recalled word-for-word from memory 30 years later at a time when the Church was actively and publicly justifying the practice of polygamy.

It is also interesting to note that the typical critical argument against polygamy is that a revelation on polygamy was not received until 1843 and that prior to that time that Joseph Smith was living in adultery with his plural wives. Yet, in this case, the critics are perfectly content to argue the case ''for'' a revelation on polygamy actually existing in 1831 as long as it can be tied to making the Native Americans a "white and delightsome" people.  While there is evidence that Joseph was discussing plural marriage by 1831, it is difficult to believe that Phelps' text is an exact rendition of any revelation Joseph may have shared with him.
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{{endnotes sources}}
[[Category:Becoming Gods]]
[[Category:Mormonism 101]]
[[Category:Nauvoo Polygamy]]
[[Category:No Man Knows My History]]

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